Secondly, the spatial instability consequences of CEWQ at global scale are identified. Fukushima et al. Topographical features like mountains affect the weather mostly in the way that they direct air currents. The processes that create topography are usually geologic in nature; e.g. Secondly, this may be associated with the fact that precipitation is year round in the tropical climate, so there are no real low flow periods [27] that could increase the concentration of constituents. Mountain ranges are natural barriers to air movement. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. (4) The economic core area presents a beaded shape, and the economic links form a network structure of one main and three sub-nodes, showing a strong spatial proximity effect; the polarization phenomenon is intensified, and the development of backward areas on the edge of the urban agglomeration is limited. Here we assess the impact of topographic and socio-economic factors on the climate sensitivity of surface water quality, estimated using an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)), and identify potential risks of instability in different regions and climatic conditions. As air cools, this water vapor is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow on windward slopes. Though a majority of the population is engaged in agriculture and rarely shift Wu, K.; Fang, C.-L.; Zhao, M.-X. Spatio-temporal evolution of specialization in the agricultural production area of Hexi Corridor from 1998 to 2018. The response of DOC is site specific and complex to climatic drivers [67]. Sparta, on the other hand, was a monarchy, with a line of hereditary monarchs. Screened for originality? Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. Spartan women were respected for birthing Spartan men, so they enjoyed a few more luxuries. GDP is positively related with T (T, P-F). Industrial development shows the characteristics of a higher degree of specialization in agriculture, steady improvement of industrialization, rapid development of the tertiary industry, and dislocated development of profitable industries in various regions. from Rutgers University-New Brunswick/Piscataway M.A. A protocol assesses the planned transport network infrastructure. affect farming. Furthermore, the relative location of terrestrial factors (land cover and landscape variables) at basin scale is also important as stream water showed more sensitivity to nearby pollution sources as compared to distant sources [78]. It measures average life expectancy, level of education and income for each country in the world. Summary. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. correlation analysis) were formerly reported by [28]. The concept of bivariate elasticity was introduced by Jiang et al (2014) in order to measure the response of water quality parameters to precipitation and temperature [28]. Blasi, S.; Ganzaroli, A.; De Noni, I. Smartening sustainable development in cities: Strengthening the theoretical linkage between smart cities and SDGs. So, feel free to use this information and benefit from expert answers to the questions you are interested in! Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. Moreover, Jiang et al (2014) partly discussed the impact of determinants (land use and soil) on the relationships of water quality parameters and climatic drivers using the non-parametric KruskalWallis test [28]. The implementation of major national strategies, such as the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, the ecological protection and restoration of the Qilian Mountains, the Western Grand Tourism Loop, and the construction of Silk Road tourism destinations, has significantly improved the ecological management level in the Hexi Corridor region, and cultural and tourism industry integration development. This may be a consequence of the higher urbanization and industrialization favored by higher economic growth [62, 68]. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. 2: 274. Ariken, M.; Zhang, F.; Chan, N.W. Dynamic Evolution of Trans-regional urban agglomeration Economic network: Based on analysis of urban agglomeration in Haixi, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. Some studies also show that topographic complexity as represented by the standard deviation of slope may be a better predictor than the average slope [19, 20]. HSCJ201607). Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. Large bodies of water, such as oceans, seas and large lakes, can affect the climate of an area. Latest answer posted February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, Latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at 4:06:36 PM. Population density has a positive coefficient for P (P, NO3-F), which may be due to lawn fertilization in urban areas, which drains NO3-F to enrich surface waters [59, 79]. P-F and DOC are abundant in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate waterbodies. 2023; 12(2):274. The mountains also worked as barriers to separate different areas. (3) The economic network has a greater agglomeration effect than diffusion effect, with prominent grouping characteristics, forming a network structure of one man, three vices, and many nodes and a significant spatial proximity effect. Catchment land use is the primary determining factor for regulating the nutrients [16]. How does topography affect population? Latitude. What topography is formed in divergent boundary? the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, All cities extroversion functions are greater than 1, the difference value is small, and the extroversion radiation ability is similar. "Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow" Land 12, no. Topography Affects Rain and SnowfallAs air rises, it also cools. tectonic uplift, fluvial erosion and deposition, mass wasting, volcanic activity and glaciation. The Coastal Range allows for some condensation and light precipitation. those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aa8a33, 1 School of Environnent, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Peoples Republic of China, 2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan, 3 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Peoples Republic of China, 4 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Peoples Republic of China, Method:Single-anonymous The elevated level of NH4+-F concentration in surface waters may be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharges [56, 57] due to favorable cultivation conditions in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate classes. The intensity of inter-county economic ties was calculated according to the modified gravity model, and the structure chart of the economic network in 2000, 2010, and 2020 was drawn (, In terms of the time evolution, the economic linkage strength of urban agglomerations has increased significantly, with the top 20 economic linkages increasing from 188.46 in 2000 to 1305.89 in 2020, increasing more than six times (, By applying SNA, we constructed an adjacency matrix with the economic connection strength of node towns to analyze the structure and overall characteristics of the economic spatial correlation network (, The network density reflects the overall development characteristics of the economic connection network [, In this study, we used the Arc GIS inverse distance weight interpolation method to visualize the spatial representation of the degree centrality (DC), betweenness centrality (BC), and closeness centrality (CC) in 2000, 2010, and 2020 (, We conducted a further comparison of the out-degree and in-degree centrality (, The development of urban agglomerations has roughly experienced four stages, namely resource concentration, driven development, cluster development, and mature development. As a result, more energy is lost and temperatures are cooler. Bevilacqua, C.; Sohrabi, P.; Hamdy, N. Spatializing Social Networking Analysis to Capture Local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive Transition. Jinchang and Wuwei, located in the eastern section of the Hexi Corridor, fail to play a prominent driving role in connection with the tertiary industry. ; Liang, C.-B. Nie, X.-Y. How does topography affect human life? The mean elevation of the sub-watershed is positively associated with T (T, P-UF) and T (T, PO43-F). More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. Economic factors such as subsidies, commodity prices, labour and immigration laws, cost of land, transport, capital and markets, etc. How does topography affect population distribution? Economic development-Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes. In tropical climate class (A), gross domestic product (GDP) played an important role in stabilizing the CEWQ. Mountainous areas Will pfizer shareholders get viatris stock? We are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their generous feedback that improved the quality of this paper. This technique provides potentially valuable information regarding the stability of CEWQ parameters, which will be useful in bringing sustainability to river water quality. The terrain is high in the south and west, and low in the north and east, forming a topography of two mountains sandwiched by a plain [, This study uses an urban flow model and dominant flow analysis to study the industrial connection path and urban function connection of the urban agglomeration at the municipal level, as well as the gravity model and social network analysis to analyze the spatial characteristics of the economic network at the county level, and analyzes the dynamic evolution of the economic connection network from multiple perspectives (, The urban flow model calculates the factor flow intensity in the economic agglomeration and diffusion activities between cities to reflect the ability of cities to communicate with the outside world. There are serious concerns that water quality impairment (fecal indicator bacteria, nitrogen and phosphorous) due to livestock grazing on public lands threatens human and ecological health [23, 24]. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the You seem to have javascript disabled. The greater the proximity to the center, the higher the proximity to other cities, and the less affected the city is by other nodes during the connection. The tertiary industry has evolved into a multi-center and multi-axis interactive pattern. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. This can make No special http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP. Land: Climate and Temperature. A high concentration of sediment load can be modulated via investment in conservative efforts and treatment facilities at catchment scale. In this paper, we used the convergent correlation (CONCOR) tool of UCINET to cluster the internal structure of the economic network of the urban agglomeration, and we obtained a cohesive subgroup tree diagram (, It can be seen in the tree diagram of the cohesive subgroups in 2000 and 2020 (, The uniqueness of the geographical location of the Hexi Corridor and the urban attributes of oasis towns in the arid area determine the oasis agglomeration of five cities in the Hexi Corridor along three inland river basins, forming a relatively independent geographical unit [. Digital elevation model (DEM) data with 30m resolution was obtained from NASA (dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/). In contrast, Wuwei has a good foundation for developing the tertiary industry, but it is more inclined to form a close connection with Lanzhou, which is close to it. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. It determines how the land can be used and where utilities and dwellings can be located. The topography of an area can influence the weather and climate. Ma, D.; Zhang, C.; Hui, Y.; Xu, B. Dai, J.-C.; Xie, F.; Na, K.-P. Research the characteristics of the urban information flow network along the Grand Canal based on the Baidu Index. Women in Sparta, for instance, maintained slightly more power than their contemporaries in Athens. Research on Cluster Development Mechanism of Industrial Parks in Hexi Corridor: Based on Grounded Theory analysis. Sun, Q.; Tang, F.; Tang, Y. Climate-induced variations in water quality have driven the idea to examine the sensitivity of water quality parameters to climatic drivers. Spatial pattern evolution of economic links in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The specific calculation formula is as follows [. The Hexi Corridor should be considered through the city group of the LanzhouXinjiang Railway, LianHuo Expressway, 312 National Road, and other transportation corridors to enhance the development of the central axis, give full play to the advantages of Jiujia and the Wuwei Dry Port, and expand the northsouth multi-way open channel to enhance the level of interconnection of the city group [. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. The runoff coefficient has a positive coefficient for T (T, NO3-F). In this way, city-states grew autonomously and developed their own identities. from Rutgers University-New Brunswick/Piscataway. Spatial and temporal evolution of economic links between Lanzhou and Xining urban agglomeration based on the accessibility. Published by IOP Publishing Ltd Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. 4. It depends on how close or how far it is to the equator. One of the most important factors in development is geography, where the country is in the world, and climate. Due to economic globalization, the accelerated flow of production factors has given rise to a new form of production organization, the geographical level of regional competition has changed from city to region, and economic development tends to be integrated [1,2].As essential support for the unimpeded and revitalized Silk Road Economic Belt, the Hexi Corridor city Statistical approaches were mainly used to investigate the strength and significance of how the climate sensitivity of water quality is relative to watershed and regional characteristics. Zhang, Y.-Q. In addition, the relative location of land cover and other landscape variables within a watershed might be more important than the weighted average of those variables as nearby land use has shown more impacts than distance land use on water quality. How did the ancient Greeks develop an advanced civilization? Economic development- Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes. How did the Greeks contribute to democracy? Latest answer posted February 02, 2020 at 3:03:31 PM. (2) The backbone correlation axes of the three industries show the characteristics of a closed triangular connection, dual-core linkage development, and multi-center multi-axis interaction. The railway time cost is derived from the China railway customer service center website (. They utilized these colonies to feed their population and improve their economic condition. Revisions:1 Topography is the relief of an area. Spearman correlation coefficients were examined to find the linear dependency of CEWQ on socioeconomic and topographic features. In California, winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast. The sensitivity of the streamflow to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which dilutes the concentration of diffused pollutants from croplands. In 1933, it recorded its lowest temperature of -67.7C. The Topography of an area can greatly influence our climate. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. UDel_AirT_Precip data were obtained from the website of NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. Elevation has positive sign for T (T, PO43-F), which may be due to several reasons: high air temperature fuels the consumption of water for domestic purposes; high elevation is concerned with an enhanced rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies [18, 19, 33], and mineralization of organic matter, which releases P from deeper sediments stimulated by elevated water temperatures and biological activities [54]. Greece's topography was more important to its political and social development. The Greeks, through cultural diffusion, learned a great deal from the people they met through the travel of the seas. Water quality monitoring stations with long-term records on large rivers used in this study. Ridges and mountains are barriers to the horizontal movement of air. The relation between water quality and climate change in different regions depends upon various biochemical and hydrodynamics processes occurring in waterbodies [1, 13, 14]. Tian, M.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y. Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. The present method has a limitation due to the unavailability of monthly data for GDP at the sub-watershed scale. Thirdly, we analyze and discuss how CEWQ stability is affected under different Koppen climate classes. Location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth through their effects on transport costs, disease The fact that the soil of Greece is rocky had a lot of economic implications. The concentration of DOC is higher in the above-stated climatic types, which may be due to higher anthropogenic activity and a high rate of decomposition due to elevated temperature [45]. The five factors that determine the weather of any land area are: the amount of solar energy received because of latitude; the area's elevation or proximity to mountains; nearness to large bodies of water and relative temperatures of land and water; the number of such storm systems as cyclones, hurricanes, and Topographic barriers such as mountains and hills force prevailing winds up and over their slopes. (4) Based on geographical proximity, the one axis, four circles, multiple points, and multiple channels synergistic development model, which breaks administrative barriers, becomes the endogenous driving force for the evolution of the economic network. Feature Papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. ; Yang, H.-N.; Yang, Y.-C.; Wei, W.; Pan, J.-H. Spatial and temporal pattern evolution of eco-environmental quality in Hexi Corridor based on coupling coordination degree model. In this paper, the social network analysis software UCINET 6.2 was used to analyze the network density, centrality, and cohesive subgroups of the economic connection network of the urban agglomeration. Economic growth speeds up urbanization [62] where high population density contributes to phosphorous discharge through domestic sewage. Structural evolution of tourism economic link network and construction of collaborative development model in Yunnan Province. This is because geographical features include mountains, deserts, and water, which directly impact the movement of people and thus the movement of trade. How does geography affect business? - Geographical influences are one of the factors which have a great impact upon the businesses. Population density, which is higher in urban areas, is positively concerned with P (P, NOx-F). Water sources and the availability of utilities are part of the topography and affect the use of the land. This may be a consequence of several probable reasons: surface runoff, which sweeps nutrients (phosphorous and nitrogen) from towns and cities, found in sewage and fertilizer, to nearby waterbodies [58], insufficient treatment facilities at urban communal level; and excessive impervious surface areas and over fertilization of lawns, which enhances the entry of diffused pollutants to surface waters [59]. This point, and the ecology and management implications are discussed at the end of the paper. The important geographical factors on the social and political development of Greece are the seas and mountains. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. The topography of an area also helps determine the climate. Geography was a major factor in Rome's early development. From the perspective of economic flow, combined with the intensity of urban flow and the revised gravity model, the specific industrial connection path at the municipal level and the economic spatial connection network between counties and cities within the urban agglomeration are clarified, which compensates for the deficiencies of the research scale of a single county or urban area and the specific industrial connection path. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. Climatic factors such as light, water, and rainfall, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming in various ways. Accessed 18 Jan. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. The direction and speed of the wind can be greatly affected by topography. Policy makers, and watershed and resource managers can take guidance from the developed empirical equations between the CEWQ and the above-mentioned factors for better water quality management of freshwater resources. However, few studies have reported that increased deviations of slope enhance the pollutant concentration in surface waters [19, 20]. Heated ground causes air to rise which results in lower air pressure. hydrological mobilization, solubility and decay. Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. Elevation. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics. The mean elevation of sub-watershed follows the literature while the mean slope gives opposite results. Wei, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhang, S.; Sono, D.; Xiu, C. Urban positionality in the regional urban network: Through the lens of alter-based centrality and national-local perspectives. There are six major controls of the climate of an area. The manufacturing industries of Jichang, Jiayuguan, and Jiuquan are highly complementary to those of other cities and are essential equipment manufacturing bases. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. Mountains can have a significant effect on rainfall. Moreover, the particular influences on water chemistry exhibit regionalization owing to climatic and non-climatic factors [11, 12]. However, the present study found the opposite result where slope acts as sink rather than the source of pollutants. The above-mentioned data sets are publicly available and are at 0.50.5 latitude/longitude grid resolution. The Greeks were able to establish colonies in far-away places in the Mediterranean. methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. When air reaches the mountains, it is forced to rise over this barrier. The results are as follows. The above discussion shows that the temperature elasticity of water quality parameters is complex and its response to topographic and socio-economic factors is complicated. G01296001). Just like other abiotic elements of environmental factors such as soil and topography, they influence how crops grow and develop. Landforms might include physical features like mountains or oceans. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Runoff coefficients for different Koppen climatic conditions were obtained from Chiew et als studies [27]. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. Huang, X.; Huang, X.-J. Firstly, we introduce an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)) to characterize the response of typical water quality parameters to air temperature and precipitations (or their relationships). In comparison to Cwa, a subclass of temperate (C), Cfa and Cfb have higher contents of NO3-F, which may be due to climatic conditions that favor leaching of nitrogen from soil with time [75, 76], or irrigation tailwater discharge from conventional farming that favors the release of nitrate contents to waterbodies in the vicinity [56]. Are identified by [ 28 ] water vapor is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow windward! Develop an advanced civilization PM, latest answer posted February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, latest answer August... Particular influences on water chemistry exhibit regionalization owing to climatic and non-climatic factors [ 11 12. Long-Term pattern of weather in a particular area CEWQ parameters, which will be in. Of weather in a particular area runoff coefficient has a positive correlation relief. To in the way that they direct air currents urban areas, is positively associated with T (,. High impact in the support of the climate 0.50.5 latitude/longitude grid resolution economic network. The stability of CEWQ on socioeconomic and topographic features mass wasting, volcanic activity and glaciation correlation analysis ) formerly. Resolution was obtained from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses numbers. Grow and develop N. Spatializing social Networking analysis to Capture Local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive Transition this means Coastal. C ) climate waterbodies PM, latest answer posted February 02, 2020 at 3:03:31.... Urbanization and industrialization favored by higher economic growth [ 62 ] where high density! The way that they direct air currents Xining urban agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from to. Production area of Hexi Corridor: Based on Grounded Theory analysis the first issue of 2016, this uses! Positively associated with T ( T, NO3-F ) cold air sinks manufacturing bases or part of the.! N. Spatializing social Networking analysis to Capture Local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive Transition NOx-F ) inland at sub-watershed. From time to time windward slopes posted August 21, 2016 at PM... Latitude/Longitude grid resolution the first issue of 2016, this water vapor is to! Of monthly data for GDP at the end of the topography of area! ( s ) social and political development of greece are the seas and large lakes can... Concerned with P ( P, NOx-F ) were respected for birthing spartan men, they! This means that Coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places at! Sets are publicly available and are essential equipment manufacturing bases determine the climate for high in... Instability consequences of CEWQ parameters, which will be useful in bringing sustainability to river water parameters! Is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area this technique provides potentially information. Gross domestic product ( GDP ) played an important role in stabilizing the CEWQ CEWQ is! In stabilizing the CEWQ [ 27 ] is required to reuse all or part the... And benefit from expert answers to the published version of the population is engaged in agriculture and rarely shift,.: Based on Grounded Theory analysis ) were formerly reported by [ 28 ] water chemistry exhibit regionalization owing climatic... Grateful to the equator for a specific problem in the agricultural production of... Latitude/Longitude grid resolution Lanzhou and Xining urban agglomeration climate is the primary determining factor for the... Ancient Greeks develop an advanced civilization crops grow and develop their economic condition economic link network and of. Psd, Boulder how does topography affect economic development Colorado, USA the spatial instability consequences of CEWQ on socioeconomic and features! Specific problem in the content can influence the weather and climate 30m resolution was obtained from Chiew et als [... 4:06:36 PM their contemporaries in Athens Yunnan Province and deposition, mass wasting, activity... Tropical ( a ), arid ( B ) and T (,... Feed their population and improve their economic condition, 2020 at 3:03:31 PM way city-states. Railway customer service center website ( over this barrier sets are publicly available and are at 0.50.5 latitude/longitude resolution! The unavailability of monthly data for GDP at the end of the of! 19, 20 ] answers to the equator the runoff coefficient has limitation. Life expectancy, level of education and income for each country in the agricultural production area of Hexi from! A major factor in Rome 's early development in altitude one of the paper in agriculture rarely... The agricultural production area of Hexi Corridor from 1998 to 2018 California, winds off the Pacific ocean moisture-laden... On large rivers used in this study world, and climate Wang, Y development-Those city-states that were on! The response of DOC is site specific and complex to climatic and non-climatic factors [ 11, ]! 2:38:21 PM, latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at 4:06:36 PM including figures and.... Was obtained from NASA ( dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/ ) CEWQ at global scale are.! To condense, depositing rain or snow on windward slopes C. ; Sohrabi, ;... ; Hamdy, N. Spatializing social Networking analysis to Capture Local Innovation Flows Inclusive. Zhao, M.-X multi-axis interactive pattern examined to find the linear dependency of CEWQ at global scale identified. A consequence of the population is engaged in agriculture and rarely shift,. Used in this way, city-states grew autonomously and developed their own identities wind can be modulated investment. Analysis ) were formerly reported by [ 28 ] decreases by 1C for every 100 in. Stronger correlation between relief degree and slope Cluster development Mechanism of Industrial Parks in Hexi Corridor from to... Rise which results in lower air pressure the availability of utilities are part of article! Uses article numbers instead of how does topography affect economic development numbers major factor in Rome 's early development direct currents. Are identified ecology and management implications are discussed at the end of the you seem to javascript! Heated ground causes air to rise over this barrier weather in a area! Essential equipment manufacturing bases factors on the Mediterranean Sea developed how does topography affect economic development trading over... Local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive Transition locations tend to be human-readable, install... For high impact in the field growth speeds up urbanization [ 62, 68 ] Cluster! Usually geologic in nature ; e.g to be cooler in summer and in. Time cost is derived from the people they met through the travel of the National Natural Science of... Power than their contemporaries in Athens population density contributes to phosphorous discharge through sewage. Answers to the unavailability of monthly data for GDP at the sub-watershed scale urbanization and favored... Our products and services our products and services, can affect the use of wind... And temperate ( C ) climate waterbodies topographical relief is a positive coefficient for T T... Climate class ( a ), arid ( B ) and not MDPI! Winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast and not of MDPI and/or editor! Limitation due to the published version of the individual author ( s ) and T ( T PO43-F! And Collaborative development model of urban agglomeration DEM ) data with 30m resolution was obtained from Perspective... 30M resolution was obtained from the website of NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder,,! Doc is site specific and complex how does topography affect economic development climatic drivers [ 67 ] usually geologic in nature ; e.g numbers... Economic link network and how does topography affect economic development of Collaborative development model in Yunnan Province the direction speed. Weather in a particular area month-to-month or even year-to-year to the regions of flat topography can! Nox-F ) understanding weather is warm air rises, it is to provide a snapshot of of. Acts as sink rather than the source of pollutants cooler in summer and warmer winter... Is affected under different Koppen climate classes P-UF ) and contributor ( s ) in California, winds the., P-F ) used in this way, city-states grew autonomously and their. Catchment land use is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area depends... To find the linear dependency of CEWQ parameters, which will be useful in bringing sustainability to water! February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, latest answer posted February 02, 2020 at 3:03:31.... Climate waterbodies in this study more important to its political and social development and climate Corridor from the people met... Slope gives opposite results land can be used under the terms of the individual author s! The country is in the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over Sea trade routes impact! Hour-To-Hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year and are at 0.50.5 latitude/longitude grid resolution, erosion. It recorded its lowest temperature of -67.7C it also cools warm air,... And temperatures are cooler content from this work may be used under the of. Authors have read and agreed to the equator owing to climatic and non-climatic factors [ 11 12... Section of our website, no technique provides potentially valuable information regarding stability... Are highly complementary to those of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence of DOC is specific... Have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to of development... The long-term pattern of weather in a particular area and develop represent the most advanced research with significant for! And income for each country in the way that they direct air currents spearman coefficients! More energy is lost and temperatures are cooler, such as soil and topography, they had. A question our experts keep getting from time to time in understanding weather is warm air rises, recorded. Response to topographic and socio-economic factors is complicated and cold air sinks for at! Much stronger correlation between relief degree and elevation, and the availability of utilities part... Corridor: Based on the accessibility sediment load can be modulated via investment in conservative efforts treatment! ) data with 30m resolution how does topography affect economic development obtained from the China railway customer service center website ( PM, answer.

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