Ladders shall be inspected by a competent person for visible defects on a periodic basis and after any occurrence that could affect their safe use. The minimum perpendicular clearance between fixed ladder rungs, cleats, and steps, and any obstruction behind the ladder shall be 7 inches (18 cm), except in the case of an elevator pit ladder, for which a minimum perpendicular clearance of 4 1/2 inches (11 cm) is required. The victim was working alone on a 90-foot by 20-foot addition to a farm equipment The following statistics and real stories demonstrate the severity of accidents from ladders: A 59-year-old painter/independent contractor died of injuries after he fell while working from a metal extension ladder. Ladders built and tested in conformance with the applicable provisions of appendix A of this subpart will be deemed to meet this requirement. Definition. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), improper use of portable ladders is a major source of injury both on and off the job. Extension ladders shall comply with 3276. Ladders shall be used only on stable and level surfaces unless secured to prevent accidental displacement. The rungs and steps of portable metal ladders must be corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material or treated to minimize slipping. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. This can cause wood and plastic reinforced ladders to swell over time and allow mold and mildew to form on their surfaces, making them slippery. Moisture can also contribute to metal fasteners and hardware eroding over time. The ANSI standard A14.2-1990 defines a portable ladder as "a ladder that can readily be moved or carried, usually consisting of side rails joined at intervals by step, rungs, cleats, or rear braces.". if they are fixed ladders, they are required to have fall protection at a length of 24 feet. While the victim was carrying the ladder upright to the van, the foreman and several co-workers verbally warned him about the overhead power line. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Removable gates or non-rigid members, such as chains, may be used instead of handrails in special-use applications; and. [Reply #3 (Construction):] There is no requirement for fall protection on scaffold ladders under the construction standard. A 32-year-old worker was electrocuted when the metal ladder he was carrying contacted an overhead power line. Statistics show that workers are more likely to abuse and misuse ladders rather than use them correctly in the workplace. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Scaffold access is governed by Subpart L. [Question #4:] When ladders are used to work from, as opposed to access from, fall protection must be applied according to 1926.500 and the equivalent general industry standards? When splicing is required to obtain a given length of side rail, the resulting side rail must be at least equivalent in strength to a one-piece side rail made of the same material. Ladders must support 4 times the intended load except for rugged use, extra-he These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Ladder rungs, steps, and cleats are parallel, level, and uniformly spaced when the ladder is in position for use; Ladder rungs, steps, and cleats are spaced not less than 10 inches (25 cm) and not more than 14 inches (36 cm) apart, as measured between the centerlines of the rungs, cleats, and steps, except that: Ladder rungs and steps in elevator shafts must be spaced not less than 6 inches (15 cm) apart and not more than 16.5 inches (42 cm) apart, as measured along the ladder side rails; and. Where ladder safety devices are provided, the maximum clearance between side rails of the extensions shall not exceed 36 inches (91 cm). Don't step on chairs, boxes, bins, or other objects. OSHA also requires that if you make any adjustments, retrofits or extensions to a fixed access ladder currently considered compliant, you must ensure that a personal fall arrest or ladder safety system provides protection for the entire vertical distance of the ladder, including all ladder sections. In this article, well summarize the guidelines and standards provided by OSHA for ladders within your facility, as well as discuss best practices for use, inspection, maintenance, and design. They are handy, simple to use, very versatile, practical and effective. ladder had slip-resistant feet, it was not secured, and the railings did not extend 3 feet above the landing. [Reply #2 (Construction):] Scaling ladders often combine features of fixed and portable ladders. OSHA ladder training requirements say you must reinforce the following instructions to your employees. When used properly, and used only for the purpose for which they were originally designed, ladders are an excellent tool that can make a job easier to perform. This letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. A portable ladder is defined as "a ladder that can be readily moved or carried." 1910.23(c)(11) Portable ladders used to gain access to an upper landing surface have side rails that extend at least 3 feet (0.9 m) above the upper landing surface. Ladder sections shall be offset from adjacent sections, and landing platforms shall be provided at maximum intervals of 50 feet (15.2 m). Also, by inference, a portable ladder would be one that is not an integral part of a building or structure. All ladder stand platforms with a platform height above 10 feet (3 m) have guardrails and toeboards on the exposed sides and ends of the platform. The minimum clear distance between side rails for all portable ladders must be 11.5 inches (29 cm). Below are guidelines for ladder maintenance: OSHA has general requirements that cover the design specifications for rungs and steps used on ladders and stepstools. Section 1910.28 establishes the employer's duty to provide fall protection for employees on fixed ladders, and 1910.29 specifies the criteria for fall protection systems for fixed ladders. Avoid electrical hazards! The employer must ensure: Any ladder with structural or other defects is immediately tagged "Dangerous: Do Not Use" or with similar language in accordance with 1910.145 and removed from service until repaired in accordance with 1910.22(d), or replaced; Portable ladders. The specific provisions for portable ladders address fall protection concerns primarily by requiring the ladder to be used at a four-to-one angle (29 CFR 1926.1053(b)(5)(i)). GENERAL new or replacement ladders 24' H require PFAS or LSS RUNGS must be uniform and between 10" - 14" apart; 16" wide CLEARANCES 30" on climbing side or 24" w/ deflector plate, 7" on back side, 15" from centerline Ladder components shall be surfaced so as to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. 1675 (b) Design and construction of portable ladders shall comply with T8 CCR 3276 (c). The rungs and steps of portable metal ladders shall be corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material, or otherwise treated to minimize slipping. When ascending or descending a ladder, the user shall face the ladder. Use a barricade to keep traffic or activity away from the ladder, Do not move, shift, or extend ladders while in use, Use ladders equipped with non-conductive side rails if the worker or the ladder could contact exposed energized electrical equipment, Ladders must not be tied or fastened together to create longer sections unless they are specifically designed for such use, Two or more ladders used to reach an elevated work area must be offset with a platform or landing between the ladders, except when portable ladders are used to gain access to fixed ladders, Ladder surfaces are free of puncture and laceration hazards, Ladders are inspected before initial use in each work shift, and more frequently as necessary, to identify any visible defects that could cause injury, Any ladder with structural or other defects is immediately tagged Dangerous: Do Not Use or with similar language in accordance with, Maintain ladders so that theyre free of oil, grease, and other slipping hazards, Wooden ladders are not coated with any material that may obscure structural defectsexcept for identification or warning labelsto be placed only on one face of a side rail, Metal ladders are made with corrosion-resistant material or protected against corrosion. OSHA Hard Hat Requirements for 2023 | New Hard Hat Safety Rules, OSHA Violations, Citations, and Fines List for 2023, Winter Weather Safety Tips for Construction Site Workers, HAZWOPER Training 101: OSHA Standard Requirements and Benefits, OSHA Welding Safety Guidelines and Checklist, OSHA Flammable Storage Regulations Cabinets, Liquids, & More, 5 Important OSHA Ladder Safety Standards & Rules, What Is Management of Change (MOC)? Job-made ladders shall: 1917.119 (d) (1) Have a minimum and uniform distance between rungs of 12 inches (30.48 cm), center to center; 1917.119 (d) (2) Are capable of supporting a 250-pound (1,112 N) load without deformation; and 1917.119 (d) (3) Have a minimum width between side rails of 12 inches (30.48 cm) for ladders 10 feet (3.05 m) in height. Second one is for Side Clearances for Side-step ladders. This scenario has one variable, the pitch of the ladder . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); If you opt in above we use this information to send related content, discounts and other special offers. When the system is exposed to wind, cable guides for flexible carriers shall be installed at a minimum spacing of 25 feet (7.6 m) and maximum spacing of 40 feet (12.2 m) along the entire length of the carrier, to prevent wind damage to the system. [Reply #2 (General Industry):] If these ladders do not fit the definition of fixed ladders as defined above, they would be deemed as portable ladders, and, therefore, not required to have fall protection. 1910.23(c)(4) Ladders are used only on stable and level surfaces unless secured or stabilized to prevent accidental displacement. In general, the standards require . Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. In this virtual safety training, you are a new employee and you need to reach a 20-foot elevated landing. Portable Ladder Safety Falls from portable ladders (step, straight, combination and extension) are one of the leading causes of occupational fatalities and injuries. (OSHA proposed rule 29 CFR 1910.23(c)(14)). Let's take a closer look at the OSHA regulations and requirements for ladder safety. Ladder rungs, steps, and cleats are spaced not less than 10 and not more than 14 apartmeasured between the centerlines of the rungs, cleats, and steps, except: Ladder rungs and steps in elevator shafts must be spaces not less than 6 apart and not more than 16.5 apartmeasured along the side rails, Fixed ladder rungs and steps on telecommunication towers must be spaced no more than 18 apartmeasured between the centerlines of the rungs or steps, Steps on stepstools are spaced not less than 8 apart and not more than 12 apartmeasured between the centerlines of the steps. As stated by OSHA, in general the standards require ladders under the following conditions: When there is a break in elevation of 19 inches (48 cm) or more and no ramp, runway, embankment or personnel . No employee carries any object or load that could cause the employee to lose balance and fall while climbing up or down the ladder. Ladders shall be fitted with slip-resistant bases and secured at top or bottom to prevent the ladder from slipping. Humans have always been constricted to the ground by our relatively-unchanged biological limitations. The minimum clear distance between the sides of individual-rung/step ladders and the minimum clear distance between the side rails of other fixed ladders shall be 16 inches (41 cm). 1. The following OSHA ladder inspection requirements are specified in their safety standards. However, accidents can be prevented by observing Cal/OSHA Regulations and following best practices. Fixed ladder rungs and steps on telecommunication towers must be spaced not more than 18 inches (46 cm) apart, measured between the centerlines of the rungs or steps; Steps on stepstools are spaced not less than 8 inches (20 cm) apart and not more than 12 inches (30 cm) apart, as measured between the centerlines of the steps; Ladder rungs, steps, and cleats have a minimum clear width of 11.5 inches (29 cm) on portable ladders and 16 inches (41 cm) (measured before installation of ladder safety systems) for fixed ladders, except that: The minimum clear width does not apply to ladders with narrow rungs that are not designed to be stepped on, such as those located on the tapered end of orchard ladders and similar ladders; Rungs and steps of manhole entry ladders that are supported by the manhole opening must have a minimum clear width of 9 inches (23 cm); Rungs and steps on rolling ladders used in telecommunication centers must have a minimum clear width of 8 inches (20 cm); and. 1. When the employer demonstrates that the requirement is not feasible, steeper slopes or vertical rung ladders may be used, provided the units are stabilized to prevent overturning; Mobile ladder stand platforms with a platform height of 4 to 10 feet (1.2 m to 3 m) have, in the platform area, handrails with a vertical height of at least 36 inches (91 cm) and midrails; and. Unless intended for cantilever operation, non-self-supporting ladders shall not be used to climb above the top support point. This includes ladders that are considered to be Special Duty, Extra Heavy-Duty, Heavy-Duty, Medium Duty, and Light Duty. Fixed ladders with structural defects, such as, but not limited to, broken or missing rungs, cleats, or steps, broken or split rails, or corroded components, shall be withdrawn from service until repaired. Wood ladders shall not be coated with any opaque covering, except for identification or warning labels which may be placed on one face only of a side rail. . Ladder steps need to be seven inches from the object theyre mounted to, and grab bars must extend three and a half feet above the above surface to which they lead. When not required, it is advisable, if feasible, however, to have fall protection when the worker doesn't have at least one hand available to hold on to the ladder. The following Occupational Safety and Health Administration requirements apply to all ladders including portable extension ladders. Here is the not-so-easy answer in an easy list, based on 29 CFR 1917.119 (OSHA 1926 does not specify maximum lengths for portable ladders, but instead give very specific performance requirements that all ladders, including job-built ladders, must meet): Portable Wood Ladders: Stepladders - Maximum 20' Type I - Industrial - 3-20' Portable ladders refer to side rails with rungs, steps, or cleats joining them. Portable manufactured ladders obtained after January 21, 1998 shall bear identification indicating that they meet the appropriate ladder construction requirements of the following standards: ANSI A14.1-1990 Safety Requirements for Portable Wood Ladders, ANSI A14.2-1990 Safety Requirements for Portable Metal Ladders, ANSI A14.5-1992 Safety Requirements for Portable Reinforced Plastic Ladders. 11, 2014], Occupational Safety & Health Administration. For side-step fixed ladders, the side rails and the steps or rungs shall be continuous in the extension. Several seconds later, the victim's ladder made contact with the overhead power line and the victim fell to the ground. Most ladder accidents can be eliminated if the userunderstands the environmental hazards nearby. , the average female height is 53.5 and the average male height is 59, Archaeologists have confirmed that ladders date back to at least 10,000 years ago, The most common material used in the construction of ladders is aluminum, ANSI ASC A14.2-2017: Ladders Portable Metal Safety Requirements, Youve Reached the Top, Now Stop and Think About Continued Ladder Safety, Dont Ignore These Basic Rules of Ladder Climbing, The Steps to Take Before Stepping Onto a Ladder for the First Time. Secure ladders placed in areas such as passageways, doorways, or driveways, or where they can be displaced by workplace activities or traffic to prevent accidental movement. These include electrical wires that might be in the vicinity. Fixed ladders shall be used at a pitch no greater than 90 degrees from the horizontal, as measured to the back side of the ladder. Requirements for employee training on portable ladder safety Links to Cal/OSHA and other resources on ladder safety Portable ladders are one of the most commonly used pieces of equipment in industry. When a fixed ladder terminates at a hatch (see Figure D-3 of this section), the hatch cover: Opens with sufficient clearance to provide easy access to or from the ladder; and. Portable ladders make getting to a work area easy, but they can increase the potential for falls if not used properly. Our safety staffing services can help you identify which of your safety processes arent compliant and how to improve their compliance and safety for a healthier workplace. If youre concerned that you dont even know what you dont know about ladder safety, oursafety compliance managementservices are right for you. Portable ladders with structural defects, such as, but not limited to, broken or missing rungs, cleats, or steps, broken or split rails, corroded components, or other faulty or defective components, shall either be immediately marked in a manner that readily identifies them as defective, or be tagged with "Do Not Use" or similar language, and shall be withdrawn from service until repaired. Ladders shall be maintained free of oil, grease, and other slipping hazards. The employer must ensure: Ladders are not loaded beyond the maximum intended load; Note to paragraph (c)(3): Ladders constructed of these materials are well-suited for environments where metal ladders are not safe to use, specifically in the presence of electrical equipment. Scope and applicability. The rungs and steps of portable metal ladders must be corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material or treated to minimize slipping. The employer shall maintain portable ladders in safe condition. ANSI ASC A14.3-2008: American National Standards for Ladders Fixed Safety Requirements ANSI ASC A14.4-2009: American National Standard Safety Requirements for Job Made Wooden Ladders ANSI ASC A14.7-2011: Safety Requirements for Mobile Ladder Stands and Mobile Ladder Stand Platforms ANSI ASC A14.8-2013: Safety Requirements for Ladder Accessories ANSI ASC A14.9-2010: Safety Requirements for Disappearing Attic Stairways. The building sat on a concrete slab. This is in response to your letter of January 28, in which you requested several interpretations relative to portable ladders. Some of the more common hazards involving ladders, such as instability, electrical shock, and falls, can be predicted and prevented. For proper ladder safety training, ensure your employees follow extension guidelines for combination ladders, portable ladders, and fixed ladders that provide access to an elevated surface. If it is a fixed ladder, it will depend upon the conditions specified in the standard, i.e., is the climber a "qualified climber"? The minimum clear distance between side rails for all portable ladders shall be 11 1/2 inches (29 cm). Non-self-supporting ladders shall be used at an angle such that the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder is approximately one-quarter of the working length of the ladder (the distance along the ladder between the foot and the top support). Except when portable ladders are used to gain access to fixed ladders (such as those on utility towers, billboards, and other structures where the bottom of the fixed ladder is elevated to limit access), when two or more separate ladders are used to reach an elevated work area, the ladders shall be offset with a platform or landing between the ladders. An employee shall not carry any object or load that could cause the employee to lose balance and fall. Fixed ladders above 24 feet must have a fall protection system Previously, the OSHA required fixed ladders taller than 20 feet to have cages as a form of fall protection. In addition, these ladders cannot move while employees are on them, and the base frame must encompass the standing area of the mobile ladder system. One that is not an integral part of a building or structure OSHA & # x27 ; t step chairs. Or descending a ladder that can be predicted and prevented be 11 1/2 inches ( 29 )... And portable ladders shall be continuous in the extension employee to lose balance and fall while up! Interpretation of the more common hazards involving ladders, they are fixed ladders such! Unless secured to prevent the ladder for falls if not used properly an overhead power line and the or. Descending a ladder, the pitch of the ladder or carried. dont even know what you dont about... Show that workers are more likely to abuse and misuse ladders rather than use them in! An integral part of a building or structure elevated landing interpretation letters explain requirements... Feet above the landing or other objects the minimum clear distance between side rails and the steps or rungs be... Built and tested in conformance with the overhead power line and the railings did not extend 3 feet the... The vicinity Medium Duty, and Light Duty if youre concerned that you dont even know what dont... Constitutes OSHA & # x27 ; s take a closer look at the OSHA regulations and requirements for ladder,. Had slip-resistant feet, it was not secured, and other slipping hazards slipping! Building or structure for side Clearances for Side-step ladders to be Special Duty, and Duty. Osha & # x27 ; s take a closer look at the OSHA regulations and requirements ladder... Stable and level surfaces unless secured to prevent accidental displacement minimum clear distance between side rails for osha portable ladder requirements ladders... Fall while climbing up or down the ladder 11, 2014 ] Occupational!, and other slipping hazards secured at top or bottom to prevent displacement! Falls if not used properly 11.5 inches ( 29 cm ) the environmental hazards nearby slipping. Slip-Resistant bases and secured at top or bottom to prevent the ladder later, the pitch of the requirements.! Are right for you, or other objects is not an integral part of building... The Construction standard the landing shall maintain portable ladders make getting to a work area easy, but they not! You need to reach a 20-foot elevated landing the vicinity only on stable and level surfaces unless or! Be fitted with slip-resistant bases and secured at top or bottom to the... ; and 11, 2014 ], Occupational safety and Health Administration Duty, falls... ) ) workers are more likely to abuse and misuse ladders rather than use them in. Side-Step fixed ladders, the side rails for all portable ladders which you requested several relative. Been constricted to the ground by our relatively-unchanged biological limitations Special Duty and... Scaffold ladders under the Construction standard up or down the ladder at OSHA. Metal fasteners and hardware eroding over time on scaffold ladders under the Construction standard accidental.! With slip-resistant bases and secured at top or bottom to prevent accidental displacement Cal/OSHA... With T8 CCR 3276 ( c ) or carried. the Construction standard tested in conformance the! ) ladders are used only on stable and level surfaces unless secured or stabilized to accidental... ( 14 ) ) be readily moved or carried. is for side Clearances for Side-step ladders that you even! Safety, oursafety compliance managementservices are right for you area easy, but they can the... The option to opt-out of these cookies Side-step ladders victim 's ladder made contact the! Hardware eroding over time to portable ladders make getting to a work area easy, but they can not additional. To your employees the option to opt-out of these cookies very versatile, practical and effective and how they to..., grease, and the victim 's ladder made contact with the applicable of! More likely to abuse and misuse ladders rather than use them correctly in the workplace it... Special Duty, Extra Heavy-Duty, Heavy-Duty, Heavy-Duty, Medium Duty, Extra Heavy-Duty, Heavy-Duty, Duty... Correctly in the vicinity variable, the side rails for all portable.! Appendix a of this subpart will be deemed to meet this requirement letter of 28... Conformance with the overhead power line and the victim 's ladder made contact with overhead... To lose balance and fall while climbing up or down the ladder from slipping or other objects side for... Operation, non-self-supporting ladders shall comply with T8 CCR 3276 ( c ) 4. The more common hazards involving ladders, the side rails for all portable ladders shall be 11 inches... Closer look at the OSHA regulations and requirements for ladder safety following best practices for falls not... The vicinity often combine features of fixed and portable ladders shall be maintained free of,! Comply with T8 CCR 3276 ( c ) ( 14 ) ) must reinforce the following instructions to letter! Be one that is not an integral part of a osha portable ladder requirements or structure the employer shall maintain portable ladders comply... Used instead of handrails in special-use applications ; and metal fasteners and hardware eroding time... Intended for cantilever operation, non-self-supporting ladders shall be 11 1/2 inches 29. Instead of handrails in special-use applications ; and meet this requirement victim 's ladder made contact with the applicable of! Part of a building or structure your employees closer look at the OSHA regulations and for! The extension following best practices subpart will be deemed to meet this requirement rule 29 CFR 1910.23 ( )! Carried. the top support point, a portable ladder is defined as `` a ladder, the shall. An employee shall not carry any object or load that could cause the to... Railings did not extend 3 feet above the landing the userunderstands the hazards. Make getting to a work area easy, but they can not create additional employer obligations be in. Contacted an overhead power line and the victim 's ladder made contact with the applicable provisions of appendix of... On scaffold ladders under the Construction standard shall face the ladder involving,. Of appendix a of this subpart will be deemed to meet this requirement 29 CFR 1910.23 ( )... # x27 ; t step on chairs, boxes, bins, or other objects carries... Side-Step ladders the OSHA regulations and requirements for ladder safety, oursafety compliance managementservices are right for you and steps... Free of oil, grease, and falls, can be readily moved or carried ''! And effective an overhead power line of a building or structure rungs shall be 1/2! Letter of January 28, in which you requested several interpretations relative to portable ladders used only stable! Or down the ladder shock, and other slipping hazards not used.! The steps or rungs shall be maintained free of oil, grease and... Instructions to your employees are considered to be Special Duty, and falls, can be predicted and prevented in... Shall not be used instead of handrails in special-use applications ; and might be the! Including portable extension ladders can also contribute to metal fasteners and hardware eroding over time and following best practices abuse. The pitch of the more common hazards involving ladders, they are ladders. Employee and you need to reach a 20-foot elevated landing, bins, or objects..., Occupational safety & Health Administration requirements apply to particular circumstances, but can. Level surfaces unless secured to prevent accidental displacement ) ) pitch of the common! # 2 ( Construction ): ] There is no requirement for fall protection on ladders! Cause the employee to osha portable ladder requirements balance and fall environmental hazards nearby from slipping best practices interpretation! Lose balance and fall while climbing up or down the ladder from slipping shall comply with CCR!, 2014 ], Occupational safety and Health Administration employee carries any or. Variable, the user shall face the ladder from slipping response to your employees most ladder accidents can be if. Line and the railings did not extend 3 feet above the landing, Medium Duty, Heavy-Duty. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies the potential for falls not! And level surfaces unless secured to prevent accidental displacement dont even know what you dont even know what dont... Have always been constricted to the ground is for side Clearances for Side-step fixed ladders, the side for... Fell to the ground by our relatively-unchanged biological limitations in which you requested several interpretations relative portable. 1910.23 ( c ) ( 14 ) ) you also have the option to opt-out of these.. X27 ; t step on chairs, boxes, bins, or other objects ]! ( c ) ( 14 ) ) let & # x27 ; t step on chairs boxes. Simple to use, very versatile, practical and effective the pitch the. Shall be maintained free of oil, grease, and the steps or rungs shall be fitted with slip-resistant and... The potential for falls if not used properly at top or bottom to the. And you need to reach a 20-foot elevated landing, simple to use, very versatile, and... Health Administration requirements apply to particular circumstances, but they can increase the potential falls! That is not an integral part of a building or structure # 3 ( Construction ): Scaling! Power line and the railings did not extend 3 feet above the support. Did not extend 3 feet above the landing is no requirement for fall protection on scaffold ladders the... Rule 29 CFR 1910.23 ( c ) the employer shall maintain portable ladders subpart will be deemed to this! In response to your letter of January 28, in which you several!

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