You have permission to edit this article. Some took on militant action, plotting and carrying out sabotage against the Nazis, including blowing up train tracks. Or flirted with them, then shot and killed them. At the same time, she scouted those students who would resist the Nazis to bring them into the circle of resisters who would distribute pamphlets surreptitiously encouraging ordinary Germans to oppose Hitler. Surely, these tales should have been on every Holocaust reading list, and instead, they had been largely forgotten. This was the perfect cover for her to act as a courier for a rebel group from the Dror youth movement, smuggling news bulletins, money and weaponry across Nazi-occupied Poland. We were actors in a play that had no intermission.. Her book is an achievement,as rigorous as it is gripping. Now, with the publication of The Light of Days: The Untold Story of Women Resistance Fighters in Hitlers Ghettos, author Judy Batalion is revealing their remarkable lives. The courier girls were not seen as classically heroic since they didnt engage in combat, and because men largely wrote the few histories of Jewish resistance. I dashed off a book proposal and committed to diving into two years of intensive, focused research.. To her amazement, Batalion, who knows Yiddish, discovered sabotage, rifles, disguise, dynamite. During the war, she became known as Little Wanda with the Braids. (Courtesy of Ghetto Fighters House Museum Photo Archive). The cover of "The Light of Days," by Judy Batalion. "If we must die, then let us die together. Another challenge in a book like this is getting the right balance between the heroes and martyrs, to use the Hebrew term for Israels Holocaust Remembrance Day which, significantly, occurs on the anniversary of the start of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. With tenacity, courageand sometimes violence. Tomorrow, Monday, Jews begin celebrating Sukkot, which commemorates the years that the Jews spent in the desert on their way to the Promised Land, and celebrates the way in which God protected them under difficult desert conditions. "I am a historian, I am a woman. Israel has been an LGBTQ haven in the Middle East. So, things were silenced for many reasons, and a lot of it had to do with these women feeling very determined to create families, to create a new generation of Jews and they didnt want to hurt them. Judy Batalionthe granddaughter of Polish Holocaust survivorstakes us back to 1939 and introduces us to Renia Kukielka, a weapons smuggler and messenger who risked death traveling across occupied Poland on foot and by train. Some of them were accused of leaving their families or sleeping their way to safety. Both events will be presented virtually, and are free, but preregistration is required at https://jwa.org and https://vilnashul.org. Tosia Altman is at the bottom. Its so different from the more staid narrative I had been exposed to.. Their families were exterminated, but they survived. I worked on it in dribs and drabs when I could, Batalion said of her years of off-again, on-again research and writing. She was expecting another "boring" elegy on female strength and courage. They upheld the idea that European Jews were weak and that the new Israeli Jew was strong, which helped build morale for a developing country. Jewish resistance fighters Vitka Kempner, left, Ruzka Korczak, and Zelda Treger. Haaretz Daily Newspaper Ltd. All Rights Reserved, in light of its controversial, some would say revisionist, stance. Our deeds will be remembered forever. So much importance was attached to testimony that Renia was given the mission to witness and report on the uprising, rather than to fight alongside her friends. "She ran missions between Bedzin and Warsaw," Batalion said of Kukielka. She survived a tortuous journey through hidden bunkers in Slovakia, then on to Hungary, Turkey and the ultimate destination Palestine. The girls with Aryan features who could pass as non-Jews flirted with Nazis plying them with wine, whiskey and pastry before shooting them dead. In vivid and often heart-wrenching prose, Kukielka provided one of the first full-length accounts of the Holocaust, Batalion wrote. And thats how we find ourselves in the rare position of having to praise an agent for their efforts on our behalf. There were uprisings in at least nine cities, including Warsaw and Vilna sustained by the labyrinth of underground bunkers hand-dug by women, together with their attacks on the electrical grid. Many struggled with trauma, or felt low in the hierarchy of suffering compared with other Holocaust survivors. Nothing deters them. Yet his prediction that the story of the Jewish women will be a glorious page in the history of Jewry during the present war turned out to be far from accurate. The 20 young Jewish women she spotlights lived remarkable lives during World War II, and its easy to see why Steven Spielbergs Amblin Entertainment snapped up the film rights at manuscript stage in 2018. The Kukielka family name was found in the USA in 1920. Judy Batalion introduces her groundbreaking study of Polish resistance against the Nazis by describing her 12-year search for the Jewish women who played a vital role. I made fascinating connections in Poland, mainly with young people in their 20s and 30s. Renia Kukielka, just 15 at the outbreak of war and quickly separated from her family, is one of the remarkable women whose wartime actions makes this such gripping history. She successfully ran multiple missions, smuggling weapons, correspondence and money from Bdzin to Warsaw until the Gestapo discovered her papers were forged and threw her into prison. There she joined master courier Lonka Kozibrodska, who travelled throughout Poland transporting weapons, documents and even an archive. The brutal barbarism of the Nazis has been well documented: Six million Jews were systematically murdered along with millions more they deemed undesirable. So often, when their vulnerable outpourings were not received with empathy, women turned inward and repressed their experiences. These women didnt tell their story. I had to decide what version seemed the most historically accurate and made sense.. Batalions favorite research and writing involved the surviving ghetto girls postwar lives. Silence was a coping mechanism for many of these women. And Frumka Plotnicka, a leader in the underground, once hid guns in a potato sack and was killed while battling the Nazis in Bdzin. Propaganda from the Russian Front: The People Immortal, by Vasily Grossman, reviewed, Penny Mordaunt is wrong to lecture the Church of England on gay marriage. Soon, Hitlers grip on Germany became crystal-clear when the Nazis secretly arranged for the torching of the Reichstag, the seat of the German government, in 1933 as a pretext to abolish all liberties. Their stories seeped into my system: How Judy Batalion found the stories of overlooked female Polish WWII resistance fighters, The Samuel H. 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There are also more political reasons as to why this story was lost. Kukielka traveled across Poland smuggling weapons and messages; Hazan, who looked Aryan with her blond hair and fair complexion, disguised herself as a Polish nurse and provided food and medicine to forced laborers; Klinger was a leader in Hashomer Hatzair and helped organize their clandestine activities. A meeting of Zionist youth at the agricultural training farm in Bdzin, Poland, during the war. Two other things leap out at you. In fact, I have never met one that says Hey, Im not really that good. Most salespeople just think that their natural ability is what it takes to sell. The Lake County Captains announced a new ownership group Jan. 17. Michigan had the highest population of Kukielka families in 1920. She almost set it aside, but the historian in her forced her to pick it up and examine it. These rebel women had Polish, Hebrew, and Yiddish names, as well as nicknames. "The first is the story of Jewish resistance in general, in particular in Poland,that is talked about so little," she explainsfrom her apartmentin New York. Alexander Santora is the pastor of Our Lady of Grace and St. Joseph, 400 Willow Ave., Hoboken, NJ 07030. Selected to serve as a courier because of her plausibly Aryan looks, Renia hid cash, maps of Treblinka and fake passes inside her shoes, sewed intelligence into her skirts and smuggled grenades across wartime borders. Author to speak on women of the underground during Holocaust In 2007, while living in London, Batalion, then in her 20s, was researching Hannah Senesh, the young Jewish heroine of World War II who was executed by the Nazis. She also unearthed the writings of Renia Kukielka, who penned her memoir in 1945, after escaping to Palestine. "No,"she says. The subject is treated sensitively, but at times this is traumatic reading. Batalion hopes the stories of female heroism she resurrected serve to inspire future generations of all faiths, especially her own two daughters, both in elementary school. Should their leader, the Jewish-Polish woman Frumka Plotnicka, use these papers to travel to The Hague and represent the Jewish people before the International Criminal Court? 139.99.62.131 Other women fled the cities and joined guerrilla groupsin the forests, or foreign resistance groups. Without sentimentalising their achievements and the price paid for the risks they took to save their families, friends and community, Batalions collective biography provides a significant contribution to Holocaust history. Of course, Jewish men in the resistance performed heroic feats as well, but because of the womens ability to blend into the background they were often assigned more daring roles. For three tumultuous years under the Nazi occupation of Poland, she and her parents and siblings fled their home in the small town of Jedrzejow, endured hunger, and witnessed atrocities and the brutal murders of other Jews. In August 1942, 17-year-old Renia Kukielka anguished over parting from her beloved family. 9348 Scenic Highway Baton Rouge, LA RENIA PAYNE OBITUARY Celebrating the life of Mrs. Renia Carter Payne. In the 1980s and 1990s, however, scholars argued that the female experience differed from mens and was a valid area of study. Donald Trumps election as president, with the misogyny and anti-Semitism that she saw churned up in its wake, pushed Batalion to go all in and craft the ghetto girls stories into a work of narrative nonfiction. For many years, memoirs and personal accounts were considered unreliable source material. As a professor, Mildred Harnack especially favored teaching poorer students at the University of Berlin and drew on U.S. authors chronicling poverty to help them lift themselves up. Reading was a way to escape into "another world,"a "normal life in a normal world, not one like ours that is all about fear and hunger." Women felt judged according to a lingering belief that while the pure souls perished, the conniving ones survived. Writing my book on these women, The Light of Days, required working with a multitude of languages and monikers. Ultimately however, The Light of Days is an intense and atmospheric tribute to the almost forgotten determination and courage of remarkable women such as Renia Kukielka and Zivia Lubetkin, whose Jewish youth groups fought the Nazis. Judy Batalionthe granddaughter of Polish Holocaust survivorstakes us back to 1939 and introduces us to Renia Kukielka, a weapons smuggler and messenger who risked death traveling across occupied Poland on foot and by train. The Jewish Womens Archive, headquartered in Brookline, is taking pride knowing that Batalion used the archives encyclopedia as an early source of information for her book, Rosenbaum told the Journal. That crucial but often overlooked story of defiance and resistance is told by Judy Batalion in her new book, The Light of Days: The Untold Story of Women Resistance Fighters in Hitlers Ghettos (William Morrow). In fact there was fierce and sustained armed resistance operating from many of the ghettos, culminating in uprisings, as well as revolts in concentration and forced labour camps and a significant, if sometimes covert, Jewish presence in partisan armies. Magazines, Digital Frumka Plotnicka died in combat against the Nazis, while Renia Kukielka and numerous other women acted as "messengers." View a list of stores and vendors. Author Judy Batalion explains how a chance discovery helped changed her perception of the Holocaust. The WWII survivors finally started talking, aware that they needed to tell their stories before they died. Get the award-winning Cleveland Jewish News and our popular magazines delivered directly to you. In her 20s, while working in London as an art historian (by day) and a comedian (by night), Batalion began searching for a different perspective on women in the war. And finally, in 2017, it was my literary agent who asked me, Wait, what? On June 22, 1941, Germany invaded Russia and killed and wounded over 600,000 Red Army members. Or they told them right after the war, like Renia, and that was it. Copyright 2023 History Today Ltd. Company no. All eyes turn to Plotnicka. Theyre convinced that Germans will revolt against this lunatic politician, Donner writes. From that moment, I was on my own, she later wrote. You know, Ive thought about this a lot, she says. Renia Kukielka Herscovitch (or possibly Irena Kukelko Herskovitch or Renata Kukilka Neumann Herzcovitz) has endless English permutations. They wrote underground press articles, bribed executioners, undertook sabotage, cared for orphans and assassinated select Nazi targets before making their escapes through guarded exits, over rooftops and from moving trains. All of this work became extremely dangerous and many of the principals became spies trying, for example, to warn Stalin, no angel himself, not to trust Hitler. Its better to begin understanding Hitlers gradual rise to power as a dictator by reading the true story in All the Frequent Troubles of Our Days, by Rebecca Donner, first. An American book reviewer included her memoir as an example of the excessive proliferation of Holocaust stories at the time. Many of these women suffered terrible survivors guilt. That autumn, the Nazi occupying forces in the ancient town of Lubliniec, in southern Poland, had forced the Jewish community to assemble in the square. The people who had survived, or had survived long enough to write about their experiences, were characters that I could focus on, because they had left more detailed, robust stories, she explains. Neither do we. 1592/1, 'An Actor's Actor.' In one raid, they threw a Nazi soldier alive into a crematorium where millions of Jews bodies had been incinerated. Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement, Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement, and Your California Privacy Rights (User Agreement updated 1/1/21. Although not physically strong, she spied on the Nazis, smuggled weapons into the ghettos and crossed heavily patrolled borders. There is another young woman in the same room, Renia Kukielka. Judy Batalionthe granddaughter of Polish Holocaust survivorstakes us back to 1939 and introduces us to Renia Kukielka, a weapons smuggler and messenger who risked death traveling across occupied Poland on foot and by train. I felt a shift in the zeitgeist. I was also shocked by the scope of resistance participation: Over 90 European ghettos had armed Jewish underground movements. For more than seven decades, the little-known and surprising stories of the sisters and many others have remained in the shadows. Her desire to pay tribute to as many as possible is understandable, but a simpler narrative with fewer subjects might have been even more powerful. The Jewish women who played a vital role in thePolish resistance against the Nazis. She feels a deep sense of connection to the ghetto girls who died fighting and believes they sacrificed themselves for the future dignity of the Jewish people. Im always obsessed with people that I feel have what I lack., She recounts a meeting with Renia Kukielkas family in Israel a few years ago. Chance of rain 100%. In Poland, where in the past years, the government has tried to shape the Holocaust narrative by law, stories from the war and resistance, in particular, have been emphasized or downplayed based on political allegiances with communists, Soviets, and Polish nationalists. The most detailed story is that of Renia Kukielka, who was among the few who survived, escaping to Palestine in 1944. Yet the opportunities their disguises afforded them were remarkably effective. Virago 558pp 20. They smuggled weapons, sabotaged the German railway and exploded major TNT charges. Performance & security by Cloudflare. Another awoke in a ditch of frozen cadavers, naked, staring into the eyes of her dead mother. Haviva Reich was also a paratrooper; shed convinced an American pilot to blind-drop her in Slovakia, where she organized shelter for thousands of refugees, rescued Allied service members, and helped children escape. Young resisters were constantly reassessing whether to stay or to go, whether to fight from inside the ghettos or from the forests, and whether to attempt to escape and serve as witnesses of the atrocities to the world or to stay behind, Judy Batalion writes in her riveting book The Light of Days.. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Advance Local. Women are routinely dropped from stories in which they played key roles, their experiences blotted out of history, Batalion writes. Renia Kukieka in Budapest, 1944. These were women who saw and acknowledged the truth, had the courage to act on their convictions and fought with their lives for what was fair and right, she said. Her older sister Sarah had moved away, becoming an activist in a secular Zionist organization. The Nazis decapitated a pregnant mother of seven for illegally slaughtering a pig, she writes. The Jews on the run, like Renia, did not know whom to trust. The reasoning: feminists should not politicize the story. Poland had lost 90 per cent of its Jewish population, and Batalion notes examples of both Polish anti-Semitism and of arms and other support provided to Jews at perilous risk, while making it clear that the Polish Jewish fight was distinct within the wider Polish context. Slowly they also built up support among the wider Jewish community, and connected with both the Polish communist party and the official Polish underground. 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