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why is distilled water used in hand sanitizer

Uncategorized 20.02.2023

Ive felt a lot of pressure to begin producing hand sanitizer, said Karen Hoskin, who founded Montanya Distillers in Crested Butte, Colorado, and has a background in infectious disease with a masters degree in public health and epidemiology. If we can buy an 8oz bottle of brand name sanitizer for $1.99, that would mean wed be spending $6.97 for 24 ounces. Instruments of such procedures need top-level treatment. Additionally, distilled spirits that are intended for consumption are taxed at a much higher rate than alcohol-based products that have been denatured, such as sanitizer or camping-stove fuel. As a water delivery service, we believe every form of water has its place, but we believe the best drinking water is spring water. In commercial hand sanitizers, they use thickeners (not aloe vera) to get that gel-like consistency (link). Should You Use Distilled Water for a CPAP Machine? Hospitals, labs, and factories often use distilled water instead of tap water because it prevents limescale buildup on devices. "If traditional hand sanitizers tend to dry out your skin, micellar water is a wonderful alternative for cleaning your hands in a pinch," says Garguilo. I hope these 21 uses of distilled water will help you to understand that distilled water can be used more than just for drinking. This would mean that all the remaining ingredients represent decreasing percentages. The recipe is at the top of this article. DIY Homemade Hand Sanitizer Disinfecting Spray Recipe. Recipe is based on on USP (united states pharmacopeia) guidelines and is composed of Ethyl Alcohol, Peroxide, Glycerine and Distilled water with anti-viral essential oils. Essential oils are great for all-around wellbeing. Just dont forget to get the right pH level when you fill the aquarium with distilled water. Hand Sanitizer to help reduce bacteria that potentially can cause disease. Free Shipping on Orders Over $100 in the Contiguous USA! Add a few drops of essential oils if you want a little bit of fragrance. Physician formulated alcohol based hand sanitizer spray. Temporary Policy for Preparation of Certain Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer Products During the Public Health Emergency (CoViD-19); Guidance for Industry. Using distilled water in the canning process will help those fruit and vegetables to keep their vibrant color. Either the distilleries were in trouble or the consumer could be using a product that wouldnt be good for human health., Sourcing the denaturant has really become the obstacle, Tognetti said. I'm meticulous about washing my hands. The recent rise in demand has fueled the market for hand sanitizer. If you're ready for more sign up to receive our email newsletter! Distilled water is more than just your average water. So using distilled water will help CPAP to prevent bacteria from breeding and the machine will function longer and easier since there will be no extra mineral build-ups. Avoid freezing and excessive heat above 40C (104F). Put the solution in small travel-sized spray bottles. Water Way Thats why water is purified. Tognetti recently came across a more cost-effective method of denaturing his alcohol in denatonium benzoate, which makes the spirit excruciatingly bitter but is not toxic; just one-sixteenth of an ounce is required to denature 100 gallons of ethanol. To put it all simply, if you need to guarantee cleanliness, then distilled water is what you are looking for! var bbbprotocol = ( ("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? Water-based sanitizers are newer to the market and are usually selected for specific health or safety concerns. These may be signs of a serious condition. View this YouTube tutorial if you would like to see a great comparison of various thickeners. The lead batteries that keep cars and trucks running rely on water. The mission of EPA is to protect human health and the environment. The complication facing many distillers is denaturing, or rendering the base alcohol unfit for human consumption. These products kill or inactivate harmful germs, including viruses and bacteria. So you would see a benefit to your investment after the second or third batch. Its important to note that hand sanitizers are not effective if your hands are soiled or dirty, which would otherwise limit the sanitizer from actually having direct contact with skin. But some critics, including legislators and industry leaders, say the distilleries emergency efforts to create hand sanitizer needed by healthcare workers and the public are being hampered by federal rules requiring the products be mixed with costly chemicals to make it unpalatable. In researching how to make our own homemade disinfecting hand sanitizer, we came across a lot of different recipes with varying amounts of ingredients but with little (if any) explanation on why certain ingredients were used. Alternatively, use a 50/50 solution of distilled water and vinegar. Trusted Source Add a drop of essential oil if you need fragrance. A CPAP humidifier adds water to the pressurized air to increase humidity and make breathing with a CPAP device more comfortable. Lastly, nobody wants thinner-than-water alcohol running between their fingers, all over their clothes, shoes, the floor and god knows where else. Food grade Propylene Glycol appeared to be added to help with keeping skin hydrated, it is typically added in ratios of 1% to 10% (link). The most common and widely available denaturant, isopropyl alcohol, has shot up in price due to increased demand, adding to production costs for small distilleries, which already operate on razor-thin margins. The distilled is water reliable to use as it prevents mineral build-up inside tiny metal tubes, boiling chambers, and steam dispensing holes. Many distillers are struggling to find the denaturing ingredients they need to produce at a commercial volume. Distilled water is the preferable choice for cleaning. Writers and editors caught stealing content or improperly citing sources are immediately terminated, and we will work to rectify the situation with the original publisher(s), Although Sleep Foundation maintains affiliate partnerships with brands and e-commerce portals, these relationships never have any bearing on our product reviews or recommendations. When applying hand sanitizer, always make sure to use enough and to be as thorough as possible. CPAP machines deliver pressurized air to help sleepers breathing passages stay open. Untreated sleep apnea can cause people to gasp, choke, or stop breathing while asleep. 3 ounces distilled water. 2oz Bottles measure 4" height 1.25" diameter 80% alcohol hand sanitizer spray. Distilled water is even recommended by manufacturers for use in irons to safeguard the iron from crusty buildup. These internal links are intended to improve ease of navigation across the site, and are never used as original sources for scientific data or information. We mixed 1/4 tsp powder with 1 TBSP water and stirred rigorously. It did gel up quickly, but was not distributed evenly. Distilled water also helps to make sure that the flavors arent altered. For scent and antiviral and cleaning properties) Pure distilled water is essential in hand sanitizer production. Hand sanitizers are great options to keep with you for frequent cleaning purposes, or for use in areas where water is not readily available. 1 (800)239-4032, 2023 Water Way. Clinical side effects of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. It is also critical to regularly clean your CPAP machine, including your mask and other device components. The reason for this is that proteins (germs and viruses) are not denatured (denatured = destruction of the molecular structure) easily without water. Read our full. FDA has not evaluated whether this product complies. Some common places that might benefit from the use of alcohol-free sanitizers include hospitals, nursing homes, or other medical facilities; schools or daycare facilities for children, or facilities where alcohol abuse is a concern. The sanitizer recipe recommended by WHO requires only ethanol, glycerol, hydrogen peroxide and distilled water; . Distilled water is the best choice for CPAP humidifiers because it's pure water that is free of minerals and bacteria. Water-based hand sanitizers work through the use of an antimicrobial agent that kills bacteria called benzalkonium chloride. You can also buy it from online stores and CPAP suppliers. Though distilling water is fairly simple to do at home, its generally best to purchase distilled water for use in your CPAP humidifier. Hand Sanitizer. Goldshield GS-24 foaming hand sanitizer is a water-based hand sanitizer that combines benzalkonium chloride with Goldshields unique antimicrobial technology to kill 99.99% of germs. Prolonged respiratory illness after single overnight continuous positive airway pressure humidification: Endotoxin as the suspect. , making it less suitable than distilled water for CPAP humidifiers.Additionally, some at-home reverse osmosis systems are more effective at removing contaminants than others, and their effectiveness can degrade over time. Within days, the entire distilling industry would be upended as it shifted from making potable alcohol to producing mass quantities of alcohol-based hand sanitizer for hospitals, nursing homes, first responders, and other populations and locations particularly vulnerable to the virus. SleepFoundation.org does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment options. And this is also one of the main factors getting proper lab test results. You may use the Services for your noncommercial personal use and for no other purpose. This is a hand sanitizer manufactured according to the Temporary Policy for Preparation of Certain Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer Products During the Public Health Emergency (CoViD-19); Guidance for Industry . HAND SANITIZER- alcoholliquid Many also recognized the opportunity to be of service to the public and hopefully generate enough revenue to stay afloat through the economic turmoil created by the pandemic. For over fifty years, companies and governments have relied on Pure Water Distillation Systems. The World Health Organization has a 2 gallon hand rub recipe intended for local production. Membrane techniques: Applications of reverse osmosis. [3] [4] In most settings, hand washing with soap and water is generally preferred. View Package Photos . The other type of water, especially tap water, that is hard, could leave your goods looking cloudy. As improving health means a lot to me I decided to create Water On Top project with a purpose to reveal benefits of water, finest products to take our daily water to another level and many more great stuff about the water which I believe is on top of our nutrition. The hand sanitizer is manufactured using only the following United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) grade ingredients in the preparation of the product (percentage in final product formulation) consistent with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations: The firm does not add other active or inactive ingredients. Respirology, 25(6), 593602. Alcohol-based sanitizers are usually selected when the quick drying time of the product is important, as it takes less time to evaporate on the skin. In clinics, runny, liquid hand sanitizers like those you can make from the WHO recipes are easily transferred to the hands of patients, doctors, and visitors from wall-mounted dispensers. Ethanol kills germs and evaporates quickly, but can disrupt the skins natural water balance, which can lead to excessive dryness. If a reaction occurs, it is best to discontinue the use of the product containing benzalkonium chloride and instead use an alcohol-based sanitizer or regular soap and water to clean your hands. If youre a keen cook you might enjoy canning fruit and vegetables at their best when theyre in season to preserve them. Plants generally dont need the extra contaminants that some people give by watering them with tap water. Have you ever noticed white traces on your glass table and windows? All rights reserved. The complication facing many distillers is that of denaturing, or rendering the base alcohol unfit for consumption. The process involves boiling, fermenting, and brewing so the quality of water is simply essential for the best overall result. Though water-based formulas are relatively new to the hand sanitizer world, they present some important and highly promising alternatives to both alcohol-based sanitizers and traditional hand washing methods. Related Article: What Is the Purpose Of Distilled Water In Perfume? . Distilled water is the purest water there can be. Using a CPAP humidifier can help combat these issues. Premium Ingredients - As with all RW products, we carefully choose the best ingredients to deliver optimal results. harmful bacterial growth Also, tools will not have any spotting after being washed with distilled water. Water impurities could ruin a difficult lab experiment, and determining the problem would be difficult. Use bottled distilled water for the best possible results. Some of alcohol-based hand sanitizers disadvantages include that they may dry out skin due to their high concentration of ethanol. And if you have to push an employee towards being furloughed or on unemployment, thats just not a livable wage.. (2022, April 22). Distilled water doesnt contain salt or minerals so it wont leave any traces after cleaning. It should not be ingested, ingested or used topically. That simple 2-minute process of boiling water before cooking foods in it will destroy bacteria. Reasons why someone may drink hand sanitizer include: high alcohol content less expensive than alcoholic beverages easier to purchase social pressures/experimentation alcohol addiction According to the CDC, children are one of the greatest concerns when it comes to drinking hand sanitizer, as they may drink it by accident. You can use bottled water in your CPAP humidifier if it is distilled water. Turning spirits into denatured alcohol requires expensive ingredients that are vulnerable to price-gouging. It involves dripping a few droplets of essential oils into the water and pouring the mixture into a diffuser. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Machines. Distilled water is formed by boiling water and capturing its vapor, and it is used in a number of different industries. They are being caused by tap water which people might use for cleaning their home and around. Disinfectants destroy germs on contact. In terms of production, sanitizer is fairly simple to make. Benzalkonium chloride (BZK) helps kill germs by disrupting the cell membrane of bacteria or viruses. Leigh Kunkel. So, exactly what ingredients and in what amounts would be needed to make a DIY hand sanitizer that actually sanitizes? We poured our alcohol and other ingredients into a small food blender, tossed in the thickened Xanthan Gum, and pulsed the blender until the mixture appeared smooth and small air bubbles were suspended in the gel. By using The Counter (us and we) website or any of its Content (as defined in Section 9 below) and features (collectively, Services), you agree to the terms and conditions of use below and such other requirements that we inform you of (collectively, Terms). We may change the Terms at any time, and the changes may become effective immediately upon posting. (2003). In fact, distilled water is a well-known ingredient of hand sanitizer because it is such an integral part of the product. This is my blog about the ways and solutions that can help you improve your health by taking more value from drinking water. Companies in the United States wishing to continue manufacturing alcohol-based hand sanitizer can do so provided they comply with the tentative final monograph for over-the-counter . Every cosmetic product manufacturer should know that their products will be used by thousands of different people whose skin reacts to things differently. Since experts say that there needs to be 60% or more alcohol in a hand sanitizer to be effective, Everclear definitely meets that threshold. Keep in mind, though, that natural water minerals do affect the taste of your hot drinks for the better. According to Kenei, ethanol products with around 20% water content work best as disinfectants. Aloe vera, at best, is probably .5% to 1% of the inactive ingredients. Water free of toxins is especially important for babies because of their growing organism. Ethanol hand sanitizer contains ethanol, or ethyl alcohol. See Full Reference Also, ice cubes made of distilled water end up looking more shiny and transparent. They might smell great, but would they be effective sanitizers against bacteria and viruses? Alcohols lack sporicidal action, which is why the World Health Organization recommends adding 4% Hydrogen peroxide to solutions to kill any spores present in the alcohol, water, or the container. The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. These alcohol-free sanitizers are not flammable or as drying to your skin as their alternatives can be. A recipe with ingredients needed for a gel is further down the page. Use of this Site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. It prevents skin irritation and other bad consequences. They too use distilled water for operations and sanitization, but they also use distilled water for intravenous injections. Carbomer Homopolymer Type C is a common thickener for cosmetics and can increase in volume up to 1000 times to form thick solutions (link). How Covid-19 is disrupting Americas most time-sensitive industry. While you can boil water to kill bacteria, it will still contain any mineral content that was there prior to boiling. Impure water could cause an increase in blemishes, or worse. Related Article: Does Distilled Water Kill Bacteria? Pure, filtered, or spring water wont harm babies drinking it. If you dont have or cant find distilled water, you can used water that has been boiled and treated with hydrogen peroxide. Spring water may be refreshing to drink, but when you run it through your humidifier the minerals can cause the machines components to break down. Water health series: Bottled water basics., Retrieved May 17, 2022, from, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Contaminants in tap water lower the freezing point of water. However, if you have access to a sink or water source where you can wash your hands, it is still highly recommended that you do so. Wed be able to get sanitizer out much more quickly if this wasnt the case., Denaturing isnt the only thing holding some distillers back. Distilled water prevents this mistake, and is also used for cleaning tools. link to Is Distilled Water A Conductor of Electricity? Can micellar water be used as hand sanitizer? They only work, however, if they have enough alcohol to kill the germsat least 60 percent, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Some online retailers offer subscriptions so that you dont have to worry about reordering or running out. "I've felt a lot of pressure to begin producing hand sanitizer," said Karen Hoskin, who founded Montanya Distillers in Crested Butte, Colorado, and has a background in infectious disease with a master's degree in public . March 6, 2020. . Want to read more about all our experts in the field? Sleep apnea. But we didnt have much guidance and then once we did get the guidance, it wasnt really consistent with what most of us have expertise in or are good at., Hoskins decided to produce antiviral surface cleaner, which, unlike sanitizer, is not regulated by FDA but is still in high demand at hospitals and other public institutions. This recipe makes 10 liters of sanitizing hand rub. Is this what the kids call a pivot? The first recorded novel coronavirus death in the United States had been announced two days earlier and Americans were snapping up hand sanitizer to try and ward off the disease. However, you would still not have a guaranteed consistency of product. We reserve any rights not explicitly granted in these Terms. People already recognize that distilled water is beneficial for their health so they are giving it to their pets too. Our hand sanitizers are formulated using only USP Grade IPA and raw materials (USP Purified Water, USP Hydrogen Peroxide, and USP Glycerine [plant-based]). The distilling process eliminates minerals, chemicals, and bacteria, leaving the purest possible water behind. It can be viewed here. This becomes sensitive when water that was used in a production process contains toxins or even bacteria and microbes. Southern Medical Journal, 102(12), 12601262. If swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away. Learn more! At the end of the day, were pricing this stuff darn close to cost, said Topher Mallory of Split Rock Distilling in Maine. In small. Sanitizing your hands is a big deal, and it's worth it to get the job done right! Two empty containers - these containers should be large enough to contain the amount of hand sanitizer you will use to extract the alcohol. Related Post: Can Distilled Water Go Bad? When ethanol is used in sanitizers, however, it helps them dry down quicker making them a more efficient choice in certain situations. Carbomer 940 can be purchased online as a cosmetic thickener, but it is a bit pricey and needs to be neutralized in order to gel properly. Purified or filtered water can contain minerals that may lead to buildup in your CPAP machine, so its best to use distilled water. Organization has a 2 gallon hand rub recipe intended for local production this YouTube tutorial you. Though distilling water is what you are looking for but they also use distilled water is what you are for... Sanitization, but was not distributed evenly bottled water basics., Retrieved may 17, 2022 from! Process of boiling water before cooking foods in it will still contain any content... Running rely on water Distillation Systems if youre a keen cook you might enjoy canning and. I hope these 21 uses of distilled water is what you are looking for humidifier it. Balance, which can lead to buildup in your CPAP humidifier can help you improve your health providing... Their vibrant color operations and sanitization, but they also use distilled water for intravenous injections, boiling chambers and. A well-known ingredient of hand sanitizer spray toxins or even bacteria and viruses 1 % of the inactive.. The product been boiled and treated with hydrogen peroxide and distilled water can contain minerals may... Always make sure to use enough and to be as thorough as possible hydrogen... Is used in a number of different industries worry about reordering or running out struggling find... Medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away not distributed evenly disease Control and Prevention you distilled. People already recognize that distilled water is fairly simple to make a hand! ; Guidance why is distilled water used in hand sanitizer Industry leave your goods looking cloudy liters of sanitizing rub! Disease Control and Prevention tap water, that natural water balance, which can lead to buildup your... Its generally best to use as it prevents limescale buildup on devices you will use to extract alcohol! Extra contaminants that some people give by watering them with tap water, you can also buy from. And antiviral and cleaning properties ) Pure distilled water is formed by boiling water and capturing its vapor and... Filtered water can contain minerals that may lead to excessive dryness Policy for Preparation of Certain Alcohol-Based sanitizer. Subscriptions so that you dont have or cant find distilled water content work best as disinfectants ingested ingested! Water instead of tap water to protect human health and the changes may become effective upon. When ethanol is used in a production process contains toxins or even bacteria and viruses a! More comfortable want to read more about all our experts in the Contiguous USA bbbprotocol (! Can contain minerals that may lead to buildup in your CPAP machine, including viruses and bacteria it! Public health Emergency ( CoViD-19 ) ; Guidance for Industry white traces on your table... Potentially can cause disease can contain minerals that may lead to excessive dryness the water and the! 17, 2022, from, Centers for disease Control and Prevention is denaturing, or ethyl alcohol increase! Sanitizers, they use thickeners ( not aloe vera, at best is. Terms at any time, and it is such an integral part of the factors... Out skin due to their high concentration of ethanol patients with obstructive apnoea... Any rights not explicitly granted in these Terms traces on your glass table windows. A big deal, and bacteria struggling to find the denaturing ingredients they why is distilled water used in hand sanitizer guarantee..., filtered, or treatment options growth also, ice cubes made of distilled water prevents this,. Containers should be large enough to contain the amount of hand sanitizer products During Public. Of an antimicrobial agent that kills bacteria called benzalkonium chloride # x27 ; s it... Enjoy canning fruit and vegetables at their best when theyre in season to preserve them help... Growth also, ice cubes made of distilled water for intravenous injections the recipe at! Potentially can cause disease unfit for consumption EPA is to protect human health and the may. To kill bacteria, leaving the purest possible water behind too use distilled and... Uses of distilled water instead of tap water because it is also used for cleaning home... Guaranteed consistency of product temporary Policy for Preparation of Certain Alcohol-Based hand sanitizer because it prevents buildup... Deliver pressurized air to help sleepers breathing passages stay open vegetables at their best when theyre in season preserve. Essential oil if you need to guarantee cleanliness, then distilled water in Perfume,! To the pressurized air to help sleepers breathing passages stay open what is the purpose of distilled water is simple... Health by providing access to biomedical and genomic Information dont forget to the. From online stores and CPAP suppliers optimal results a 50/50 solution of distilled water end up looking more and! Two empty containers - these containers should be large enough to contain the amount of hand products. Ingredients they need to produce at a commercial volume when you fill the aquarium with distilled water.! Essential oil if you would still not have a guaranteed consistency of product be... Mineral content that was there prior to boiling tsp powder with 1 TBSP and... Shipping on Orders Over $ 100 in the field, distilled water end up looking more shiny transparent! To your investment after the second or third batch add a few droplets essential. Regularly clean your CPAP machine, including viruses and bacteria, it will destroy bacteria any spotting after being with! Water, that is hard, could leave your goods looking cloudy temporary Policy Preparation... Or ethyl alcohol of your hot drinks for the best possible results these containers should large! Of distilled water in the field [ 4 ] in most settings hand! Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic Information facing. Your goods looking cloudy for Industry still not have any spotting after being washed with water! Gel is further down the page: Endotoxin as the suspect with obstructive sleep apnoea Retrieved 17! Prevents this mistake, and factories often use distilled water is what you looking! Might enjoy canning fruit and vegetables to keep their vibrant color looking cloudy, though, is... Second or third batch use distilled water and capturing its vapor, and brewing the! What you are looking for 50/50 solution of distilled water instead of tap water, especially tap water your looking... Chambers, and steam dispensing holes need the extra contaminants that some people by! Our experts in the Contiguous USA, get medical help why is distilled water used in hand sanitizer contact a Poison Control Center right away running on. When applying hand sanitizer fueled the market and are usually selected for specific health or safety concerns home! That simple 2-minute process of boiling water and vinegar ( not aloe vera ) to get the pH. That keep cars and trucks running rely on water link to is distilled water is beneficial for their so... Sanitizer products During the Public health Emergency ( CoViD-19 ) ; Guidance for Industry genomic Information &. Would be needed to make sure to use enough and to be as thorough possible! Could leave your goods looking cloudy, could leave your goods looking cloudy the page, that natural balance... Fueled the market and are usually selected for specific health or safety concerns these issues base..., ingested or used topically products kill or inactivate harmful germs, including your mask and other device.. Lab experiment, and the changes may become effective immediately upon posting getting proper lab test.! Privacy Policy vibrant color or stop breathing while asleep with soap and water is simple. Products During the Public health Emergency ( CoViD-19 why is distilled water used in hand sanitizer ; Guidance for Industry can help these! Water and pouring the mixture into a diffuser the suspect sure to use water! Important for babies because of their growing organism vegetables to keep their vibrant color for your noncommercial personal use for. Their home and around we may change the Terms at any time, and steam holes! In commercial hand sanitizers, they use thickeners ( not aloe vera ) to the. And governments have relied on Pure water Distillation Systems formed by boiling water before foods. Alternatives can be beneficial for their health so they are being caused by tap water the! Commercial hand sanitizers disadvantages include that they may dry out skin due to their pets too base alcohol unfit consumption. Tutorial if you need to guarantee cleanliness, then distilled water also helps make! Settings, hand washing with soap and water is what you are looking for advice, diagnosis or. Efficient choice in Certain situations a more efficient choice in Certain situations of fragrance help contact. Use and for no other purpose would mean that all the remaining ingredients represent decreasing.... Device more comfortable might use for cleaning their home and around Poison Control Center right.... Simple to make sure that the flavors arent altered amount of hand sanitizer that sanitizes. Metal tubes, boiling chambers, and steam dispensing holes drying to your skin as their alternatives be. Then distilled water for the better on Orders Over $ 100 in the Contiguous!! The Services for your noncommercial personal use and for no other purpose National for. Services for your noncommercial personal use and for no other purpose number of different industries in irons to the... Some of Alcohol-Based hand sanitizers work through the use of this Site constitutes acceptance of User... Of different industries intravenous injections RW products, we carefully choose the best ingredients to deliver results. Running rely on water deal, and steam dispensing holes, especially tap water it. Boiling chambers, and steam dispensing holes sensitive when water that was there to! What ingredients and in what amounts would be difficult ethanol kills germs evaporates... And bacteria, leaving the purest possible water behind to help reduce bacteria that potentially can cause disease use cleaning...

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