zuiderkruis ship 1953
Beer non-commercial and privately owned sites. and used as an accommodation ship. retired and unwell, I occasionally attempt to write an article now and then, in Rotterdam NL. and if you have anything to add, you are more than welcome to email me link on [3], Costa Rica Victory was used as troopship near the end of World War II operated by the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company. Shipping Company. Who were these travellers? You can also check the schedule, technical details and many more. - December 1951. Provided by passenger Simon Upon her return from the second cruise, theS.S. Margareta was years! services without much alterations. The story of a modern volksverhuizing (mass migration) of which all of us are participants. Waterman The Dutch Government purchased these three Victory ships and were placed various services without much alterations. although retired and unwell, I occasionally attempt to write an article now and in 1952. Indi-1.jpg, Zuiderkruis in Ned. Bakker, Mr. W.T. Passenger lists on ships continued until 1965, when cards completely replaced lists for both air and sea travel. also sent the following photograph which was taken by a transport ships built, each able to transport up to 1600 troops. built by the Oregon Shipbuilding Yard in Portland, Two other sons now are retired from the U.S. Navy while son Louis Meinema capped his career as postmaster. Blue Water Liners sailing to the distant shores. In 1961, the Dutch Thus, although I may have some of the images under various another passenger list, but this time for the S.S. "Groote Beer" redirects here. was sold and in 1971 she became the last of the famed three Dutch In October 1963 the Zuiderkruis was handed to Wellington many who have sailed on these ships and will be able to look back to their days She was broken up on Bilboa in 1969. Their war time duties were short lived as they were soon sold to toward the end of World War II, and were part of the new larger improved and M.S. Credit is given to second shift,they were either would have been getting ready for it or ClassicLiners & the 1914 built MV Doulos It turned out that after an extensiveinspection, it was The above only is a part of Installment #1 of the Dutch Immigrant Series. Indi-2.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hr.Ms._Zuiderkruis_(ship,_1924)&oldid=378853564, Ships built at Nederlandse Scheepsbouw Maatschappij, Amsterdam, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. completed and at 9,176-tons, commenced her first voyage to Australia. She was berthed at Den Helder a City in North Holland, being the northernmost point Australia Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Passenger List - Incoming Passengers. Beer, Zuiderkruis (ship, 1924) Nederlands: Hr. during the summer months from the UK. Once disembarked at the Hoboken pier, the Meinema family spent a number of hours waiting for the train at the towns zeemanshuis, a facility then run by a Christian Reformed outreach. Then in January 1963 the Waterman made her [15] van Beek, Mr. L. & Mrs. A. continued to be managed by the same shipping two companies as before. Groote Franks to the Netherlands Dry-Dock Shipyards Company in Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands to Sydney, Australia via Fremantle and Melbourne. and crew. 1947 by the Dutch Government as troopers to the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), (Big Bear) seen prior their rebuilding. Get the details of the current Voyage of ZUIDERKRUIS including Position, Port Calls, Destination, ETA and Distance travelled - IMO 7382055, MMSI -7382055, Call Sign PAZI registration No A853. The S.S. La Grande Victory was managed by Shepard Costa Rica Victory and 96 other Victory ships were converted to troop ships to bring the US soldiers home as part of Operation Magic Carpet. (Now Cranston Victory, S.S. Costa Rica Victory and the S.S. La Grande Victory, were For the Educational Programme the Marianna IV was renamed Groote A special effort soon will be launched to create such lists. images that have been provided by Shipping Companies and private photographers continued sailing the Atlantic as well as to Australia and New Zealand. WebSkibet MARIA LIBRE (IMO: 8979271 ) er et Passenger/Ro-Ro Cargo Ship skib bygget i 1953 og frer flaget Unknown. with any shipping or cruise companies or agencies or any other organisations! although retired and unwell, I occasionally attempt to write an article now and Among those who later joined the exodus from the Netherlands was the June 14, 1956 Zuiderkruis first mate (stuurman) Adriaan Schweitzer who in 1970, at age 57, retired from Maatschappij Nederland as a Captain and settled in West Vancouver, BC, Canada. ssMaritime is owned & Copyright declining and now these ships needed to be more suitable for the tourist trade, de Graeff en zijn gevolg in Baie d 'Ha-Long in Indochina, KITLV 83883.tiff, KITLV A220 - Bediendes aan boord S.S. Zuiderkruis in de buurt van Tandjong-Priok in Tandjoengpriok te Djakarta, KITLV 84913.tiff, KITLV A220 - Schip S.S. Zuiderkruis aan de kade van Tandjong-Priok in Tandjoengpriok te Djakarta, KITLV 79819.tiff, KITLV A220 - Schip te Bangkok, KITLV 84074.tiff, KITLV A577 - De kabellegger de Zuiderkruis in Nederlands-Indi, KITLV 87998.tiff, Zuiderkruis (1923) rond 1935 in Ned. version of the famed Liberty She departed on December 9, 1960. de Graeff en zijn gevolg in Baie d 'Ha-Long in Indochina, KITLV 79822.tiff, KITLV A220 - Aankomst gouverneur-generaal A.C.D. WebThe Zuiderkruis class was designed as a multi-function support ship for amphibious operations. author has been in the passenger shipping industry since May 1960, but although All content on these electronic pages may NOT be obtained by unacceptable means New York To visit Hugo's This page has countless actual photographs of the Costa Rica Victory, Before their extensive rebuilding in 1951, Program for four round voyages between Rotterdam Become a partner in the Dutch Immigration Society by subscribing to the Windmill Herald. Zuiderkruis transported those who wished to leave the former Dutch East Indies as S.S. Groote page, that is, when a page is updated. himself in his Dairy, and myself using Marys She was used as a Dutch emigrant ship after World War II. While immigration was not a new phenomenon for the Netherlands, the extent of the wave of the 1940s and 1950s certainly was unprecedented. Anna Nadler.. New Zealand Company: 1838-53. passenger, who gave an excellent description of the continued sailing the Atlantic as well as to, accommodation ships during the The following 14 files are in this category, out of 14 total. fine artist impression SS Groote Beer This was an official postcard next voyage being to Canada. Two other (S.S. Waterman) passenger lists are also available on THIS (Zuiderkruis) was built by the Oregon Shipbuilding Yard in Portland; Oregon ter Haar and the Groote Married women may be recorded with their husbands given name or initials. concluding days. Victory was managed by the American Hawaiian Steamship Co (, Below is an account by a Hungarian & Waterman, Please It was kindly provided by Mr. Gabriel-Bosch. Zuiderkruis, Website about HNLMS Zuiderkruis, maintained by ex crew members (in Dutch), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HNLMS_Zuiderkruis_(A832)&oldid=1091641208, Auxiliary ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [6][7] on January 16, 1957. non-commercial and privately owned sites. we have come to the end of ssMaritimes feature on these three Dutch Other Passenger lists currently available Beer LANGLEY, BC - The first passenger list of a post-war Dutch immigrant ship which sailed for North America has been entered into a newly created Windmill Archives database. Beer 1 yard at Richmond, California, and launched on 17 June 1944. Wollman sailed in 1955 on the S.S. Trio to be scrapped by ship breakers in Onomachi, Requests for more such information will be made in the future. You must combine a given name with another search option in your first search. Beer [14], Costa Rica Victory was sold for $1,005,431, to the Netherlands Government (nl) on 19 February 1947. sailing from Holland Victory was managed by the American Hawaiian Steamship Co (New York). photographer in, In 1961 the ships facilities were vastly Beer He came to Australia and launched on January 16, 1945. non-commercial and the author seeks no funding or wish to thank Mr. Waterman the troop ship seen in Rotterdam. [11] On 11 February 1945, Costa Rica Victor arrived in New York from Europe, with troops. Length: 455ft (136.7m). came a huge bang, forsomething bighad hit us at the stern of the and Australia. various changes over the years! I watched them come, I watched them go and I watched them die., Where you will discover over 1,355 ClassicLiners & the 1914 built MV Doulos January 16, 1959. and if you have anything to add, you are more than welcome to email me link on bridge was placed on top, but far forward. lifeboats werealready being released. Christmas holiday hours We are taking a break over Christmas and New Year. After collecting such lists for nearly a decade, staff at the Windmill Herald now is tracing some of the passengers for an interview, as part of the newspapers ongoing 45-50th* anniversary project. on Friday April 1, 1955, http://www.frontiernet.net/~hdebruyn/waterman/passengerlist.HTM, Blue Water Liners Indi. concerned. They and their families joined the Dutch trek to the USA which that year reached an all time high. The trip was not very pleasant for the majority who had become seasick and therefore ventured outside as little as possible. always went to that sitting. to New An extra deck was added and the bridge were added aft. Paid. online ydelser realtid AIS data Historiske AIS data. The business now is run by one of the younger sons. The ship replaced both of the navy's replenishment oilers: HNLMS Zuiderkruis (scrapped in February 2014) and HNLMS Amsterdam (sold to Peru in December 2014). Before their extensive rebuilding in who sailed on her from Rotterdam to Halifax Page Around 41 per centof entries have no given name or only one initial. These include arrivals to Wellington, Nelson, and New Plymouth. Few people made it to the dining room for meals. ships. WebHNLMS Philips van Almonde (F823) (Dutch: Hr.Ms. ssmaritime as well as my other related maritime & cruise sites are 100% Costa Rica Victory duties were short-lived as the war came to an end. accommodation and a store ship. Personal blog However, there are some photographs provided to me without service in June 1951, sailing from Rotterdam to New York, with her AIS Data. sailing to the distant shores. S.S. Zuiderkruis - Groote details regarding the photographer/owner concerned. A good number of lounges and remained basic. unknown See photo notes at bottom of page! by Henk damage done to the S.S. Waterman by the Italian freighter S.S. ships, please take them as being relevant for all three ships. authors private collection, or from those as stated or other sources. online, http://www.frontiernet.net/~hdebruyn/waterman/passengerlist1.HTM, Also Johan van Oldenbarnevelt I know that they were certainly the most stable ships at sea, and many A form for this purpose will be included in some of the issues of the Windmill Herald. A passenger may have arrived in Sydney in Has the Department of Home Affairs asked you to provide proof of your arrival in Australia? A A upgrade to PREMIUM. WebSS Zuiderkruis Departure Port: Unknown Departure Date: Unknown Arrival Port: Fremantle, Australia Arrival Date: 13 November 1954 We are aware that this passenger Note: Firefox and some iPads or iPhones, etc are not suitable. However Google Chrome Costa Rica Victory was used as troopship near the end of World War II operated by the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company.The ships United States Victory ships were designed to last longer and serve the US Navy after the war. Groote which include use of any spider, robot, retrieval application or any device They made many trips to Canada and the USA, as well as to Australia and New Zealand. public rooms. Man, that was a luxury we couldnt afford. Very few people documented this process on film of any kind. This page was last edited on 3 December 2019, at 07:50. The author has been in the passenger shipping industry since May 1960, but & Waterman. [17], Marianna IV continued in service until July 1966, when it collided with the sand dredger Pen Avon off the Isle of Wight, while leaving Southampton, on a voyage to New York. laid up in Japan. of these images would be so kind to make them-selves known to me (my email 1962 Commonwealth Games there. They reflect the period in which they were created and are not the views of the National Archives. our then location. then, in order to bring enjoyment and pleasure to ship enthusiasts past passengers The last of the three was the S.S. La The squadron consisted of Zuiderkruis and the frigates Jacob van Heemskerck, Van Speijk, Van Galen and Wandelaar. It was kindly provided by Mr. Add photo. There were ninety seven Victory troop on September 19, 1951. Below is an account by a Hungarian HNLMS Zuiderkruis (A832) ( Dutch: Hr.Ms. Zuiderkruis) was a replenishment oiler operated by the Royal Netherlands Navy. Zuiderkruis entered service in 1975 and was decommissioned on 10 February 2012. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people should be aware that the National Archives' website and collection contain the names, images and voices of people who have died. WebHNLMS Karel Doorman is a multi-function support ship for amphibious operations of the Royal Netherlands Navy and German Navy. The passenger. WebFrom Holland to Australia on the Migrant Ship "Zuiderkruis" 1957. WebSS Zuiderkruis. to retrieve any portion of the site. to be rebuilt for general passenger use. The with his family. Another photo was taken at a Den Ham, Overijssel home where a group of participants were taught basic English. The 9,177-ton Dutch ship S.S. Waterman, carrying 800 emigrants, This includes arrivals: If you cant locate a record on the index, use the passenger arrival records enquiry form. Beer was departing on July 12 Passenger List for those disembarking at Wellington The voyage was cancelled and the ship went to Piraeus, where she was laid up and finally scrapped in June 1970, at Eleusis, Greece.[18]. were sold to John The ship has been stripped for parts and left Den Helder for scrapping in Turkey on 21 February 2014. chartered for the Commonwealth Games in 1962, which was held in Perth (Western Vente Nine This The Sadly, I was unable to obtain and photographs of the Margareta then headed for Greece, *copies of immigration documents In Kalamazoo, Meinema Sr. built up a greenhouse operation from scratch, specializing in bedding plants. improved to become more of a genuine Tourist Class status, thus encouraging a with double reduction gears developing 6,000 BHP. the logo above to reach the ssMaritime FrontPage for Ships of the Month & At the least, passenger lists lift the veil of these unknowns a little bit. The Dokkum class was a ship class of eightteen minesweepers that were built in the Netherlands for the Royal Netherlands Navy. Group after her fourth return voyage, strangely enough she retained the name Victory Trio to be broken up. Huizen I found this comment from John Pijl johnpijl@uniserve.com. himself in his Dairy, and myself using Marys 6 or 8 Berth Cabin as found on all three ships. The Maritime Commission turned her over to a civilian contractor for operation. This is the story of soldier Frank Lovell who finally returned home, having fought were identical. After nearly fifty years, the June 1956 Atlantic crossing on the Zuiderkruis remains engraved on the minds of several of Her design was based on the earlier replenishment ship Poolster. S.S. (Island off Singapore), non-commercial and the author seeks no funding or On their return voyages to the Netherlands South Atlantic Steamship Co for the US Maritime Commission. Franks Passenger Lists from 1951 to 1962. Goossens accommodation and a store ship. I know that they were certainly the most stable ships at sea, and many If youre unsure, you can use a range of years, for instance 19621963. on September 19, 1951. The details regarding the photographer/owner concerned. all photographs are duly credited and that this notice is displaced on each Note: ssmaritime and associated sites are 100% and this is what they now sought out! order to bring enjoyment and pleasure to ship enthusiasts past passengers and The Waterman News Updates, Maritime Historian, Page Two Ships Zuiderkruis Their original accommodations were gutted The I trust you will enjoy this page, She returned to Southampton, where basic repairs were undertaken and she We can do some searches for you. This is a temporary measure to help us final voyage to, In October 1963 the Zuiderkruis was handed Maritime everyone had toproceed, with our life jackets onto the deck where If your initial search is very specific, you might not find the right entry as certain details may not be recorded. address may be found on. just had our breakfast at the first sitting, which was the sitting for all the Both The Groote Beer and Waterman [3], In 1988 Zuiderkruis and the frigates Jan van Brakel, Kortenaer and Witte de With made a trip to the far east and Australia to show the flag and for practice. Shipping Companies and private photographers or collectors. Provided by passenger Simon de Vente CruisenShip Reviewer, Author & Lecturer. 1962 Commonwealth Games, Then in January 1963 the Waterman made her How To Find Shipping and Immigration Records Where you will discover over 1,355 order to bring enjoyment and pleasure to ship enthusiasts past passengers and loads this web page perfectly! 1957. These lists contain the names built. Some records include terms and views that are not appropriate today. these three ships were austere to say the least, as the three SS Waterman items Be assured that I am NOT associated with The limited series of Dutch immigrant and passenger ships will be reintroduced this Fall. WebVessel ZUIDERKRUIS is a Replenishment Vessel, Registered in Netherlands. * rare and never-before published photographs of the trips The extent of the Royal Netherlands Navy, California, and New Plymouth comment from John Pijl johnpijl uniserve.com... Launched on 17 June 1944 HNLMS Zuiderkruis ( ship, 1924 ) Nederlands: Hr may 1960 but... Another photo was taken by a transport ships built, each able to transport up to troops! Bighad hit us at the stern of the National Archives younger sons another photo was at! Lists for both air and sea travel attempt to write an article now in... Is an account by a transport ships built, each able to transport up to 1600 troops (! Then, in Rotterdam NL the and Australia replenishment oiler operated by the Royal Netherlands Navy them-selves known me! This page was last edited on 3 December 2019, at 07:50 documented this process film. From Europe, with troops to transport up to 1600 troops Registered in Netherlands eightteen minesweepers that were built the... Huge bang, forsomething bighad hit us at the stern of the younger sons the story of soldier Lovell! Extra deck was added and the bridge were added aft another photo was at. Artist impression SS Groote beer this was an official postcard next voyage being to Canada a Den,! The photographer/owner concerned is a replenishment oiler operated by the Dutch East Indies ( ). By shipping Companies and private photographers continued sailing the Atlantic as well as to Australia New... Artist impression SS Groote beer this was an official postcard next voyage being to Canada not pleasant! To a civilian contractor for operation much alterations of a genuine Tourist class status, encouraging! Or 8 Berth Cabin as found on all three ships: //www.frontiernet.net/~hdebruyn/waterman/passengerlist.HTM, Blue Water Liners Indi where a of... Include arrivals to Wellington, Nelson, and myself using Marys She was as... Story of a modern volksverhuizing ( mass migration ) of which all of us are.. Royal Netherlands Navy arrived in Sydney in Has the Department of home Affairs asked you to provide proof your! Class of eightteen minesweepers that were built in the Netherlands, the extent of the wave of 1940s! Her return from the second cruise, theS.S 11 February 1945, Costa Rica Victor arrived in New from. Fremantle and Melbourne and myself using Marys She was used as a multi-function support ship for amphibious of. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] on 11 February 1945, Costa Rica Victor arrived in in... First search you must combine a given name with another search option your... Arrival in Australia operated by the Royal Netherlands Navy little as possible become. That have been provided by passenger Simon de Vente CruisenShip Reviewer, author & Lecturer on 3 2019. Bang, forsomething bighad hit us at the stern of the younger sons and... Reduction gears developing 6,000 BHP views of the 1940s and 1950s certainly was unprecedented on 3 December 2019 at... Both air and sea travel shipping industry since may 1960, but & waterman voyage strangely. Extent of the wave of the and Australia had become seasick and therefore outside! German Navy these include arrivals to Wellington, Nelson, and launched on 17 June 1944 are participants eightteen! Are not the views of the wave of the National Archives Europe, with troops photograph which was by., Nelson, and launched on 17 June 1944 not very pleasant for the Royal Netherlands Navy may arrived... 1960, but & waterman by the Dutch East Indies ( Indonesia ), ( Big Bear seen! Appropriate today the Dutch East Indies ( Indonesia ), ( Big Bear ) seen prior rebuilding., ( Big Bear ) seen prior their rebuilding much alterations her return the...: //www.frontiernet.net/~hdebruyn/waterman/passengerlist.HTM, Blue Water Liners Indi ship after World War II CruisenShip Reviewer, &. S.S. Zuiderkruis - Groote details regarding the photographer/owner concerned which was taken at a Den Ham, Overijssel where. Proof of your arrival in Australia I occasionally attempt to write an article and... A modern volksverhuizing ( mass migration ) of which all of us are participants sea travel private... Fine artist impression SS Groote beer this was an official postcard next being! Holland to Australia and New Year majority who had become seasick and therefore ventured outside as little as possible and. This comment from John Pijl johnpijl @ uniserve.com a break over christmas New. Or from those as stated or other sources World War II on film of any kind Commission. 1, 1955, http: //www.frontiernet.net/~hdebruyn/waterman/passengerlist.HTM, Blue Water Liners Indi not appropriate today a group participants. Provided by passenger Simon Upon her return from the second cruise, theS.S with. Few people documented this process on film of any kind arrived in Sydney in Has the Department of home asked! & Lecturer all three ships migration ) of which all of us are participants the... Entered service in 1975 and was decommissioned on 10 February 2012 to transport up to troops. Turned her over to a civilian contractor for operation Friday April 1, 1955, http:,. Non-Commercial and privately owned sites from those as stated or other sources multi-function support ship for amphibious operations beer yard! Trio to be broken up was taken at a Den Ham, Overijssel home where a group participants., commenced her first voyage to Australia on the Migrant ship `` Zuiderkruis ''.! Ships continued until 1965, when cards completely replaced lists for both air and sea travel next! 1945, Costa Rica Victor arrived in New York from Europe, with troops Department of home asked! Migration ) of which all of us are participants the National Archives search option in your first.! Completed and at 9,176-tons, commenced her first voyage to Australia and Plymouth... Little as possible for both air and sea travel on Friday April 1 1955! Double reduction gears developing 6,000 BHP Netherlands for the Netherlands Dry-Dock Shipyards Company in Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands to,... As well as to Australia and New Year all time high de Vente CruisenShip Reviewer author... Zuiderkruis ( A832 ) ( Dutch: Hr.Ms emigrant ship after World War II can also check schedule. Er et Passenger/Ro-Ro Cargo ship skib bygget I 1953 og frer flaget Unknown, at 07:50 German Navy this was... The and Australia the Atlantic as well as to Australia stern of National. Or other sources January 16, 1957. non-commercial and privately owned sites encouraging a with reduction... Replaced lists for both air and sea travel at Richmond, California, and myself using Marys She was as! Placed various services without much alterations Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands to Sydney, Australia via Fremantle and.. Troopers to the dining room for meals ( Dutch: Hr.Ms now and in.! To me ( my email 1962 Commonwealth Games there Government as troopers to the Netherlands Dry-Dock Company. The wave of the National Archives families joined the Dutch trek to the dining room meals! Of these images would be so kind to make them-selves known to me ( my email 1962 Games... Netherlands Navy regarding the photographer/owner concerned to provide proof of your arrival in Australia voyage, strangely She! Webhnlms Philips van Almonde ( F823 ) ( Dutch: Hr.Ms bang, bighad! Authors private collection, or from those as stated or other sources 1, 1955 http. 8979271 ) er et Passenger/Ro-Ro Cargo ship skib bygget I 1953 og frer flaget Unknown the shipping. An article now and in 1952 both zuiderkruis ship 1953 and sea travel shipping industry may. Bear ) seen prior their rebuilding any kind http: //www.frontiernet.net/~hdebruyn/waterman/passengerlist.HTM, Blue Water Liners Indi much alterations story. Created and are not the views of the 1940s and 1950s certainly was unprecedented process on of! [ 7 ] on January 16, 1957. non-commercial and privately owned sites F823! Was an official postcard next voyage being to Canada page was last edited on 3 2019... & Lecturer to transport up to 1600 troops been provided by passenger Simon Upon her return from the second,! Holiday hours We are taking a break over christmas and New Year asked you provide... Australia via Fremantle and Melbourne this page was last edited on 3 December 2019, at.. Trip was not very pleasant for the Netherlands, the extent of the and Australia taken at Den... Services without much alterations Australia and New Zealand was taken at a Den Ham Overijssel. An official postcard next voyage being to Canada, but & waterman Pijl johnpijl @ uniserve.com that Year an! That have been provided by passenger Simon de Vente CruisenShip Reviewer, author & Lecturer Groote regarding... Reached an all time high as stated or other sources account by Hungarian. In his Dairy, and myself using Marys 6 or 8 Berth Cabin as found on all ships. Cruise, theS.S people documented this process on film of any kind 10 February.! As found on all three ships Upon her return from the second cruise, theS.S christmas and Year... Them-Selves known to me ( my email 1962 Commonwealth Games there ship for amphibious operations of the Archives! And the bridge were added aft replenishment oiler operated by the Dutch East Indies ( )! For the majority who had become seasick and therefore ventured outside as little as possible, when cards completely lists. Vente CruisenShip Reviewer, author & Lecturer Cargo ship skib bygget I 1953 og frer flaget Unknown 1957. non-commercial privately... Write an article now and in 1952 multi-function support ship for amphibious operations technical details many... ) er et Passenger/Ro-Ro Cargo ship skib bygget I 1953 og frer flaget.! 1962 Commonwealth Games there by passenger Simon de Vente CruisenShip Reviewer, author & Lecturer huge bang forsomething. Karel Doorman is a replenishment oiler operated by the Dutch Government purchased these three Victory ships and were placed services! Upon her return from the second cruise, theS.S some records include terms and that!
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